Loewner deformations driven by the Weierstrass function (Q329849)

Let \(\lambda\) be a continuous, real-valued function on \([0,T]\), and \(z_0\in\overline{\mathbb H}\setminus\{\lambda(0)\}\), where \(\overline{\mathbb H}\) is the closure of the upper half-plane \(\mathbb H=\{z\in\mathbb C:\text{Im}\;z>0\}\). The chordal Loewner differential equation is the initial value problem \[ \frac{dz(t)}{dt}=\frac{2}{z(t)-\lambda(t)},\;\;\;z(0)=z_0. \] Define the hull \(K_t=\{z_0\in\overline{\mathbb H}:z(s)=\lambda(s)\;\text{for some}\;s\leq t\}\) generated by \(\lambda\). The family of deformations driven by \(\lambda\) is the family of hulls \(K_T^c\) generated by \(c\lambda\) for \(c>0\). The authors study the deformations driven by the Weierstrass function \[ W(t)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\cos(2^nt)}{\sqrt{2^n}}. \] The main result is given in the following theorem. Theorem 1.1. The deformations driven by the Weierstrass function \(W(t)\) exhibit a phase transition. In particular, when \(c\) is small enough, the hull generated by \(cW(t)\) is a simple curve in \(\mathbb H\cup\{cW(0)\}\), and this is not the case when \(c\) is large enough. The proof of Theorem 1.1 is based on estimates for the growth of the Weierstrass function near its local maxima. Theorem 1.2. Let \(t_{m,k}=m\pi/2^k\) for \(m,k\in\mathbb N\). If \(0<|h|\leq2^{-(k+7)}\), then \[ W(t_{m,k})-W(t_{m,k}+h)\geq0.2\sqrt{|h|}. \]