Approximation and interpolation by entire functions with restriction of the values of the derivatives (Q330044)

The Hoischen theorem from [\textit{L. Hoischen}, J. Approx. Theory 15, 116--123 (1975; Zbl 0318.30034)] is about the approximation of a \(C^\infty\) function \(g:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}\) by an entire function \(f\), such that we have interpolation of derivatives \(D^\alpha g\) up to \(|\alpha|<k\) in a dense discrete set \(T\) and such that for \(|x|>c_k\), where \(c_k\) is strictly increasing when \(k\) goes \(\infty\), the error \(|D^\alpha(f-g)|\) is bounded by a positive continuous function \(\varepsilon\). In this paper, this theorem is extended, showing that additional restrictions can be imposed on \(f\) outside \(T\). Let \(A\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) be a countable set, disjoint from \(T\) and associate to \(\alpha\) and \(p\in A\) a countable dense set \(A_{p,\alpha}\subseteq\mathbb{R}\). Then the previous \(f\) can be chosen to also satisfy \((D^\alpha f)(p)\in A_{p,\alpha}\) for \(p\in A\) and if \(q=(D^\alpha f)(x)\) with \(x\not\in T\), then there is some \(p\in A\) arbitrary close to \(x\) such that \(q=(D^\alpha f)(p)\). Finally if \(C\) is a meager set in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\), then \(\{x\in\mathbb{R}^n: (x,(D^\alpha f)(x))\in C\}\) is also meager in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). This extension allows to consider the solution in \(A\) of equations of the form \(h^*(x,(D^\alpha f)(x))=q\) with \(h^*:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}\) continuous, i.e., \(h(x,y)=(x,h^*(x,y))\) is a fiber-preserving local homeomorphism on \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\). Weaker versions include replacing the meager set by a set of Lebesgue measure zero and the entire function by a \(C^\infty\) function. Also intermediate results are given when \(g\in C^N\) for finite \(N\).