A generalized Lyapunov inequality for a higher-order fractional boundary value problem (Q330142)

The author generalizes and extends existing results in the literature. Some of the most closest problems are linear Riemann fractional 2-point BVP \[ \begin{aligned} &(_a^RD^\nu y)+q(t)y(t)=0;\qquad a<t<b,\, 3<\nu\leq4,\\ &y(a)=y'(a)=y''(a)=y''(b)=0, \end{aligned} \] linear Riemann fractional 3-point BVP \[ \begin{aligned} &(_a^RD^\nu y)+q(t)y(t)=0;\qquad a<t<b,\, 2<\nu\leq3,\\ &y(a)=y'(a)=0,\quad y'(b)=\beta y'(\xi)=0, \end{aligned} \] and non-linear Riemann fractional 2-point BVP \[ \begin{aligned} &(_a^RD^\nu y)+q(t)f(y(t))=0;\qquad a<t<b,\, 1<\nu\leq2,\\ &y(a)=y(b)=0. \end{aligned} \] Lyapunov type inequalities for these equations have been obtained by \textit{D. O'Regan} and \textit{B. Samet} [J. Inequal. Appl. 2015, Paper No. 247, 10 p. (2015; Zbl 1338.34023)], \textit{I. Cabrera}, \textit{K. Sadarangani} and \textit{B. Samet} [``Hartman-Wintner-type inequalities for a class of nonlocal fractional boundary value problems'', Math. Methods Appl. Sci. (2016)], and \textit{A. Chidouh} and \textit{D. F. M. Torres} [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 312, 192--197 (2017; Zbl 1354.34014)], respectively. Motivated by these works, the author obtains new Lyapunov type inequalities for non-linear Caputo fractional 2-point BVP of the form \[ \begin{aligned} &(_a^CD^\nu y)+q(t)f(y(t))=0;\qquad a<t<b,\, 2<\nu\leq3,\tag{1.1}\\ &y(a)=y(b)=y''(a)=0.\tag{1.2} \end{aligned} \] The Lyapunov type inequality presented for (1.1)--(1.2) is obtained under the assumption that there is a non-negative continuous solution \(y(t)\) on \([a,b]\) with \[ \|y(t)\|:=\max_{t\in[a,b]}|y(t)|\neq0 \] and the non-linear term \(f\) requires \(mu\leq f(u)\leq Mu\) for some positive constants \(M\) and \(m\). The proof of the main result depends on the Green's function of the problem \[ \begin{aligned} &-(_a^CD^\nu y)=H(t);\qquad a<t<b,\, 2<\nu\leq3,\tag{1.3}\\ &y(a)=y(b)=y''(a)=0.\tag{1.4} \end{aligned} \] The construction of the Green's function for the (1.3)--(1.4) is also new and given in the paper with details. To emphasize the importance of the Lyapunov type inequality obtained, two examples are presented as application; the first concerns an eigenvalue problem, the other is a Mittag-Leffler function.