Gabor frame sets of invariance: a Hamiltonian approach to Gabor frame deformations (Q330604)

Let \(g \in L^2(\mathbb R^d)\). Denote by \(\lambda = (x, \omega) \in \mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{R}^d\) a point in the time-frequency plane, and denote a time-frequency shift by \(\lambda\) of \(g\) by \[ \pi(\lambda)g(t) = M_{\omega} T_{x} g(t) = e^{2\pi i \omega \cdot t} g(t - x), \;x, t, w \in \mathbb{R}^d. \] Let \(\Lambda\) be an index set. The set \[ \mathcal{G}(g, \Lambda) = \{\pi(\lambda)g \;| \;\lambda \in \Lambda\} \] is called a Gabor system. The set \(\mathcal{G}(g, \Lambda)\) is called a frame if there exist constants \(0 < A \leq B < \infty\) such that \[ \forall f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d), \quad A \| f\|_2^2 \leq \sum_{\lambda \in \Lambda} |\langle f, \pi(\lambda)g \rangle |^2\leq B \| f\|_2^2 . \] The paper addresses the question of how far one can deform the lattice \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^{2d}\) or the window function \(g\) or both without destroying the frame property. Earlier work on such perturbation do not describe the behavior of the frame bounds explicitly, but rather whether or not the frame property is preserved by the perturbation. In some earlier work, the frame property is preserved (but not the frame bounds) by either deforming the window while keeping the lattice fixed or the other way round. In this paper, the author presents some perturbation results where the frame property as well as the frame bounds are preserved. General theorems and definitions are stated for any \(d\), however, the main results are stated only for \(d = 1\). It is shown that it is possible to retain the frame property and keep the optimal frame bounds unchanged under certain perturbations of the lattice without deforming the window function \(g\). The main idea behind this is the fact that generalized Hermite functions, including generalized Gaussians, are eigenfunctions with unimodular eigenvalues of certain metaplectic operators. Hence, the corresponding symplectic matrix will deform the matrix while keeping the window unchanged. Among other things, the article provides a generalization of the result that the frame bounds of a Gabor frame with standard Gaussian window stay invariant under a rotation of the lattice. For every generalized Gaussian \(g,\) an uncountable family of lattices \(\{\Lambda_{\tau}\}\) is constructed such that each pairing of \(g\) with some \(\Lambda_{\tau}\) yields a Gabor frame, and all pairings have the same frame bounds. Also, for each lattice a countable family of generalized Gaussians \(\{g_i\}\) is constructed such that each pairing has the same frame bounds.