On cotangent manifolds, complex structures and generalized geometry (Q332156)

It was proved in [\textit{D. V. Alekseevsky} et al., J. Geom. Phys. 42, No. 1--2, 85--105 (2002; Zbl 1004.53038)] that the cotangent bundle of a \textit{special symplectic} manifold \((M, J, \nabla, \omega)\) supports a hyper-Kähler structure under some additional conditions. In fact \(M\) with a torsion-free connection \(\nabla\) and a symplectic form \(\omega\) is said to be special symplectic if \(d^{\nabla}J=0\), and \(\nabla\omega=0\). Under the canonical decomposition of horizontal and vertical subbundles: \(T(T^*M)=H^\nabla \oplus \pi^*(T^*M)\) where \(\pi:T^*\rightarrow M\) is the projection. The \((1,1)\)-part of \(\omega\) is assumed to be non-degenerate and to satisfy \(\nabla\omega^{1,1}=0\). Then the hyper-Kähler structure on \(T^*M\) is obtained as \[ J_1=\left(\begin{matrix} J & 0\\ 0& J^* \end{matrix}\right), J_2=\left(\begin{matrix} 0 & -(\omega^{1,1})^{-1}\\ \omega^{1,1}& 0 \end{matrix}\right), g=\left(\begin{matrix} g^{1,1} & 0\\ 0& (g^{1,1})^{-1} \end{matrix}\right) \] where \(g^{1,1}=\omega^{1,1}\circ J\). Since \(d^{\nabla}J=0\), \(H^{\nabla}\) is invariant under the canonical complex structure \(J_{\mathrm{can}}\) of \(T^*M\), and it is noted that \(J_1=J_{\mathrm{can}}\). The integrability of \(J_2\) comes from the hypothesis \(\nabla\omega^{1,1}=0\). Thus the almost complex structures \(J_1,\,J_2\) are integrable so that \(J_1,\,J_2\) and \(g\) constitute a hyper-Kähler structure on \(T^*M\). Taking into account properties of this special symplectic geometry, the author considers the following almost complex structures \(\mathcal J\) on the generalized tangent bundle \(\mathbb TM=TM\oplus T^*M\): Let \((M,D)\) be a manifold which has an endomorphism \(\mathcal J: \mathbb TM=TM\oplus T^*M\) such that \(\mathcal J^2=-\mathrm{id}\). \(\mathcal J\) is called a \textit{generalized complex} structure. Using the linear connection \(D\) and \(\mathcal J\), the author constructs an almost complex structure \(J^{\mathcal J,D}\) on the cotangent bundle \(T^*M\) and studies its integrability. This provides an new insight from the viewpoint of generalized complex geometry. To state the main result, the following corollary is given: {Corollary.} A complex subspace \(L\subset (V\oplus V^*)^{\mathbb C}\) is the holomorphic space of an adapted generalized complex structure \(\mathcal J\) if and only if it is of the form \[ L=L^\tau(E,\alpha)=\{X+\xi\in E\oplus(V^{\mathbb C})^*,\;\xi|_{\tau(E)}=i_X\alpha\} \] where \(E\subset V^{\mathbb C}\) is a complex subspace with \(E+\bar E=V^{\mathbb C}\) and \(\alpha\in E^*\otimes \tau(E)^*\) is complex bilinear, such that \[ \alpha(X,\tau(Y))+\tau(\alpha(Y,\tau(X)))=0, \;{}^\forall\, X,Y\in E \] and \(\mathrm{Im}(\alpha|\Delta)\) is non-degenerate (where \(\Delta\subset V\), \(\Delta^{\mathbb C}=E\cap \bar E\)). In the above equations respectively, the maps \(\tau: V^{\mathbb C}\rightarrow V^{\mathbb C}\) and \(\tau: \mathbb C\rightarrow \mathbb C\) are both the standard conjugations (for \(\mathcal J\) symmetric), or both the identity maps (for \(\mathcal J\) skew-symmetric). The main result of this article is the following. {Theorem.} Let \((M,\mathcal J,D)\) be a manifold with a generalized complex structure \(\mathcal J\) and a linear connection \(D\). Assume that \(\mathcal J\) is adapted (that is, symmetric or skew-symmetric) and let \(L^r(E,\alpha)\) be its holomorphic bundle, where \(E\subset T^{\mathbb C}M\) and \(\alpha\in \Gamma(E^*\otimes \tau(E)^*)\) satisfy the algebraic properties from the above corollary. The almost complex structure \(J^{\mathcal J,D}\) is integrable, if and only if the following conditions hold: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(E\) is an involutive subbundle of \(T^{\mathbb C}M\); \item[(ii)] the complex linear extensions of \(D\) and \(R^D\) satisfy \[ D_{\Gamma(E)}\Gamma(\tau(E))\subset \Gamma(\tau(E)), \;R^D|_{E\times E}(\tau(E))=0 \] \item[(iii)] for any \(X,Y,Z\in \Gamma(E)\), \[ (D_X\alpha)(Y,\tau(Z))-(D_Y\alpha)(X,\tau(Z))+\alpha(T_X^DY,\tau(Z))=0 \] where \(T^D\) is the complex linear extension of the torsion of the connection \(D\). \end{itemize}} Using this theorem, it is shown that a larger class of left-invariant symmetric generalized complex structures \(\mathcal J\) on a semisimple Lie group determine an integrable complex structure \(J^{\mathcal J, D^0}\) on the cotangent group for some suitable left-invariant connection \(D^0\). Other than that, a left-invariant skew-symmetric generalized complex structure \(\mathcal J\) on a Lie group \(G\) is \textit{Courant integrable} if and only if the almost complex structure \(J^{\mathcal J, D^c}\) on \(T^*G\) is integrable, where \(D^c\) is the left-invariant connection on \(G\).