\(C^0\)-estimates and smoothness of solutions to the parabolic equation defined by Kimura operators (Q333111)

The paper addresses the problem of finding solutions to the inhomogeneous initial value problem \[ \begin{aligned} u_t-Lu=g\quad \text{on } (0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}_+^n\times \mathbb{R}^m\;\;(n+m\geq 1), \\ u(0,\cdot)=f\quad \text{on}\;\mathbb{R}_+^n\times \mathbb{R}^m,\end{aligned} \leqno{(1)} \] where \(L\) is a second-order elliptic differential operator of the form \[ Lu=\sum_{i=1}^n \big(x_ia_{ii}(z)u_{x_i,x_i}+b_i(z)u_{x_i}\big)+\sum_{i,j=1}^n x_ix_j\tilde{a}_{ij}(z)u_{x_ix_j} \] \[ +\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{l=1}^m x_ic_{il}(z)u_{x_iy_l}+\sum_{k,l=1}^m d_{kl}(z)u_{y_ky_l}+\sum_{l=1}^me_l(z)u_{yl}. \] This operator is regarded to as the infinitesimal generator of the so-named Kimura diffusions that serve to model the evolution of gene frequencies in population genetics. Besides, \(L\) turns out to be not strictly elliptic as it approaches to the boundary of the domain \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\times \mathbb{R}^m\) (the smallest eigenvalue of the second-order coefficient matrix goes to zero). Among the results obtained by the author, we can highlight the use of priori local Schauder estimates to prove the existence of solutions \(u\) in Hölder spaces for the problem (1) under the assumptions: \(f\) is continuous, \(g\) smooth, and the coefficients of \(L\) to be Hölder continuous.