Asymptotic Hilbert polynomial and a bound for Waldschmidt constants (Q335006)

The authors provide a method to find an upper bound for the Waldschmidt constants for homogeneous ideals in \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) with the so-called linearly bounded regularity of symbolic powers. Let us recall some definitions before we present the main result of the paper. Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and denote by \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) the coordinate ring of the projective space \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\). For a homogeneous ideal \(I\) in \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) we denote by \(I^{(m)}\) the \(m\)-th symbolic power of \(I\) defined as \[ I^{(m)} = \mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}] \cap \bigcap_{Q \in \text{Ass}(I)} (I^{m})_{Q}, \] where localizations are embedded in the field of fractions of \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) . Recall that the Hilbert function \(HF_{I}\) of a homogeneous ideal \(I\) is defined as \[ HF_{I}(t) = \dim_{\mathbb{K}}(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]_{t}/I_{t}). \] For \(t\) big enough the above function behaves as a polynomial, the Hilbert polynomial \(HP_{I}\) of \(I\). We say that a homogeneous ideal \(I\) in \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) has linearly bounded regularity of symbolic powers if there exists a constant \(a>0\) such that \[ \text{reg}(I^{(m)}) \leq am. \] Another important definition is devoted to the asymptotic Hibert polynomial of \(I\), defined as \[ aHP_{I}(t):= \lim_{m\rightarrow \infty} \frac{ HP_{I^{(m)}}(mt) }{m^{n}}, \] and it can be shown that if \(I\) is a radical ideal with linearly bounded regularity of symbolic powers, then the limit exists. Now the generic initial ideal \(\text{gin}(I)\) of \(I\) is the initial ideal of \(I\), with respect to the degree reverse lexicographical order of a generic coordinate change of \(I\), and we define the codepth of \(I\) as the number of variables which appear as factors in the minimal set of generators of \(\text{gin}(I)\). Let \(L\) be a sum of \(s\) disjoint linear subspaces of dimension \(r\) in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) and we denote by \(I\) the ideal of \(L\). We define \[ P_{n,r,s,m}(t):= {t+n \choose n} - HP_{I^{(m)}}(t). \] Substituting \(t\) by \(mt\) into \(P_{n,r,s,m}\), we can regard this function as a polynomial with respect to \(m\). The leading term of the polynomial is denoted by \(\Lambda_{n,r,s}(t)\) and it can be shown that \[ aHP_{I}(t) = \frac{t^{n}}{n!} - \Lambda_{n,r,s}(t). \] Now for a radical ideal \(I\) with linearly bounded regularity of symbolic powers one defines \[ \Lambda_{I}(t) := \frac{ t^{n} }{n!} - aHP_{I}(t). \] Finally, we can define the Waldschmidt constant of \(I\) as \[ \widehat{\alpha}(I) = \lim_{m \rightarrow \infty} \frac{\alpha(I^{(m)})}{m}, \] where \(\alpha(J)\) is the least degree of a nonzero polynomial appearing in \(J\). Now we are ready to formulate the main result of the paper. {Main Result.} Let \(I\) be a radical homogeneous ideal in \(\mathbb{K}[\mathbb{P}^{n}]\) with linearly bounded regularity of symbolic powers. Assume that in the sequence \(\{\text{codepth} \, I^{(m)}\}\) there exists a constant subsequence of value \(n-c\). Then \[ \Lambda_{I}^{(c)}(\widehat{\alpha}(I)) \leq 0, \] where \(\Lambda_{I}^{(c)}\) denotes the \(c\)-th derivative of \(\Lambda_{I}\). In particular, \(\widehat{\alpha}(I) \leq \gamma_{\Lambda_{I}^{(c)}}\), where \(\gamma_{\Lambda_{I}^{(c)}}\) is the largest real root of the polynomial \(\Lambda_{I}^{(c)}(t)\). In the second part of the paper, the authors provide some instructive examples.