A globalization of a theorem of Horozov (Q344712)

The authors deal with two real analytic functions, \(\Theta(h, \ell)\) and \(T(h, \ell)\), that arise in connection with the spherical pendulum. These are angle coordinates depending on the energy \(h\) and the angular momentum \(\ell\). \textit{E.~Horozov}'s theorem [J.\ Reine Angew.\ Math.\ 408, 114--135 (1990; Zbl 0692.58031)] states that the mapping \((h, \ell) \mapsto \left( \Theta(h, \ell), T(h, \ell) \right)\) is a local real analytic diffeomorphism (i.e., the Jacobian determinant is smaller than zero for every point \((h, \ell) \in R\), where the set \(R\) is defined in the paper). The globalization, namely the fact that the global Horozov mapping is a real analytic diffeomorphism, is proven in this paper. The authors discuss local properties and boundary values of the functions \(\Theta\) and \(T\) and define the range of Horozov's mapping and the geometry of the level sets of \(\Theta\) and \(T\). Finally, it is proven that the global Horozov mapping is a real analytic diffeomorphism.