A vanishing theorem for weight-one syzygies (Q346719)

Let \(X\) be a smooth complex projective variety, \(A\) and \(P\) divisors on \(X\), \(A\) ample; assume that \(d\) is sufficienty large so that \(L_d=dA+P\) is very ample. As usual \(S=\)Sym \(H^0(X,L_d)\) stands for the homogeneous coordinate ring of the projective ambient space, and for a line bundle \(B\) on \(X\), \(R=\bigoplus_m H^0(X,B+mL_d)\) is a finitely generated graded \(S\)-module. The \(p\)-th syzygies of \(B\) with respect to \(L_d\) of weight \(q\), say \(K_{p,q}(X,B;L_d)\) form the finite dimensional vector space of degree \(p+q\) minimal generators of \(E_p\), being \[ 0 \to E_{r_d} \to \cdots \to E_2 \to E_1 \to E_0 \to R \to 0 \] a minimal graded free resolution of \(R\). This means precisely \[ E_p(B,L_d)=\oplus_q K_{p,q}(X,B;L_d)\otimes_{\mathbb{C}}S(-p-q). \] Since when \(q \neq 1\) these syzygies vanish (see the Introduction of this paper and references therein) independently of the geometry of \(B\), it seems natural to deal with the case \(q=1\) when the geometry of \(B\) seems to be of importance. The main result (see Theorem A) is that if \(B\) is \(p\)-jet very ample then \(K_{p,1}(X,B;L_d)=0\) for \(d\) big enough. Let us recall that \(p\)-jet ampleness means that for every effective zero-cycle \(\omega =a_1x_1+\dots+a_sx_s\) of degree \(p+1\) the restriction map from \(H^0(X,B)\) to \(H^0(B \otimes \mathcal{O}_x/m_1^{a_1}\cdots m_s^{a_s})\) is surjective (\(m_i \subset \mathcal{O}_X\) is the ideal sheaf of \(x_i\)). When \(B=K_X\) is the canonical bundle this theorem gives information on the syzygies of \(L_d\) (see Cor. C). The question on the equivalence of this vanishing and the \(p\)-jet ampleness of \(B\) is not known but the authors prove some partial result in Theorem B: when \(w\) (reduced of degree \(p+1\)) fails to impose independent conditions on \(H^0(X,B)\) then \(K_{p,1}(X,B;L_d) \neq 0\) for \(d\) big enough.