The Abel summability of conjugate Laplace series of measures (Q346866)

Let \(\Sigma =\left\{ x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}:\left| x\right| =1\right\} \) \(\left( n\geq 2\right) \) and \( Y_{h,n}\left( \Sigma \right) \) be the spherical harmonic space of order \(h\) in \(n\) dimensions. It is well known that \[ N_{h,n}\equiv \dim \left[ Y_{h,n}\left( \Sigma \right) \right] =\frac{\left( h+n-3\right) !}{h!\left( n-2\right) !}\left( 2h+n-2\right) \] for \(h\in\mathbb{N}\). A differential form of degree \(k\) (briefly a \(k\)-form) on a domain \(\Omega \subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n\text{ }}\) is a function defined on \(\Omega \) whose values are in the \(k\)-vector space on \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). A \(k\)-form \(u\) is represented in an admissible coordinate system \( \left( x_{1},\dots,x_{n}\right) \) as \[ u=\frac{1}{k!}u_{i_{1}\dots i_{k}}dx_{i}...dx_{k}, \] where \(u_{i_{1}\dots i_{k}}\) are the components of a \(k\)-covector. By \(C_{k}^{m}\left( \Omega \right) \) we denote the space of all \(k\)-forms defined on \(\Omega \), whose components are continuously differentiable up to the order \(m\) in a coordinate system system of class \(C^{m+1}\). The differential of \(u\in C_{k}^{1}\left( \Omega \right) \) is the \(\left( k+1\right) \)-form \[ du=\frac{1}{k!}\frac{\partial u_{i_{1} \dots i_{k}}}{\partial x_{j}} dx_{j}dx_{i}...dx_{k}; \] the adjoint of \(u\in C_{k}^{0}\left( \Omega \right) \) is the \((n-k)\)-form \[ \ast u=\frac{1}{\left( n-k\right) !k!}\delta _{i_{1} \dots i_{k}j_{1} \dots j_{n-k}}^{1 \dots n}u_{i_{1} \dots i_{k}}dx_{j_{1}}...dx_{j_{n-k}}; \] the co-differential of \(u\in C_{k}^{1}\left( \Omega \right) \) is the \(\left( k-1\right) \)-form \[ \delta u=\left( -1\right) ^{n\left( k+1\right) +1}\ast d\ast u. \] The authors prove the following theorems: Theorem 1. If \(r\in \left( -1,1\right) \) and \(t\in \left[ -1,1\right] \), we have \[ \frac{r^{n-2}}{n}\sum\limits_{h=1}^{\infty }\frac{N_{h,n}}{h+n-2} r^{h}P_{h,n}^{\prime }\left( t\right) =\int\limits_{0}^{r}\frac{\rho ^{n-2}-\rho ^{n}}{\left( 1+\rho ^{2}-2t\rho \right) ^{\frac{n+2}{2}}}\,d\rho , \] where \(P_{h,n}\left( t\right) \) denotes the Legendre polynomial of degree \(h\) in \(n\) dimensions. Theorem 2. Let \[ v_{j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}\left( x\right) =\frac{1}{\left( n-2\right) !\omega _{\Sigma }}\sum\limits_{h=1}^{\infty }\frac{N_{h,n}}{h+n-2}\left| x\right| ^{h-1}\left[ \int\limits_{\Sigma }P_{h,n}^{\prime }\left( \frac{x}{\left| x\right| }\cdot y\right) \delta _{i_{1}i_{2}j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}^{1 \dots n}y_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}d\mu _{y}\right] \] \(\left( 1\leq j_{k}\leq n, k=1,\dots,n-2\right)) \) where \(\mu \) is a measure on \( \Sigma \) and \(\omega _{\Sigma }\) is the Lebesgue \((n-1)\)-dimensional measure of \(\Sigma \). If \(x\in \Sigma \) is a Lebesgue point of \( \mu \), then \[ \underset{r\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\lim }\left[v_{j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}(( 1-r) x) -\frac{1}{\left( n-2\right) !\omega _{\Sigma }}\int\limits_{\Sigma \backslash \Sigma _{r}}J_{n}\left( 1,x\cdot y\right) \delta _{i_{1}i_{2}j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}^{1 \dots n}y_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}d\mu _{y}\right] =0, \] where \(\Sigma _{r}=\left\{ y\in \Sigma :\left| y-x\right| <r\right\} \) and \[ J_{n}\left( r,t\right) \equiv \frac{n}{r^{n-2}}\int\limits_{0}^{r}\frac{\rho ^{n-2}-\rho ^{n}}{\left( 1+\rho ^{2}-2t\rho \right) ^{\frac{n+2}{2}}}d\rho . \] Theorem 3. If \(\mu \) is a measure on \(\Sigma \), then the singular integrals \[ \frac{1}{\left( n-2\right) !\omega _{\Sigma }}\int\limits_{\Sigma }J_{n}\left( 1,x\cdot y\right) \delta _{i_{1}i_{2}j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}^{1 \dots n}y_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}d\mu _{y} \] \(\left( 1\leq j_{k}\leq n,k=1,\dots,n-2\right) \) exist almost everywhere on \(\Sigma \). Theorem 4. Let \(\mu \) be a measure on \(\Sigma \). Then the series \[ \frac{1}{\left( n-2\right) !\omega _{\Sigma }}\sum\limits_{h=1}^{\infty } \frac{N_{h,n}}{h+n-2}\int\limits_{\Sigma }P_{h,n}^{\prime }\left( x\cdot y\right) \delta _{i_{1}i_{2}j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}^{1 \dots n}y_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}d\mu _{y} \] \(\left( 1\leq j_{k}\leq n,k=1,\dots,n-2\right)) \) is Abel summable almost everywhere on \(\Sigma \) and its Abel sum is \[ \frac{1}{\left( n-2\right) !\omega _{\Sigma }}\int\limits_{\Sigma }J_{n}\left( 1,x\cdot y\right) \delta _{i_{1}i_{2}j_{1} \dots j_{n-2}}^{1 \dots n}y_{i_{1}}x_{i_{2}}d\mu _{y}. \]