Nekrasov's partition function and refined Donaldson-Thomas theory: the rank one case (Q352402)

From the introduction: ``The aim of this paper is to revisit the construction of the partition functions \(Z_{{\mathbb C}^2}\) [so-called Nekrasov's partition function for \(SU(r)\) supersymmetric gauge theory on \({\mathbb R}^4\) in the \(\Omega\)-background in the special case \(r=1\)] and \(Z_X\) [the ``refined'' topological string partition function of the resolved conifold, also known as generating series of cohomology of stable pairs moduli spaces] [...]. Both partition functions are characters of representations of tori (Hilbert spaces of graded vector spaces). The underlying vector spaces are the symmetric, respectively the exterior space of the space of functions on \({\mathbb C}^2\). (So the product of the partition functions is \(1\).) On the four-dimensional [Nekrasov] side this is not new, but it is a surprising fact on the six-dimensional [Calabi-Yau] side.'' The main result of the paper is the explicit proof of the identification of vector spaces on the six-dimensional side, viz.\ \[ \bigoplus_{l,m} {\mathbb H}^*({\mathcal N}_{l,m},\Phi_{l,m}) \cong \bigwedge^* {\mathbb C}[x,y] \] The key step is the identification of the Weyl element of \(\text{GL}(2)\) (acting on \(x\) and \(y\)) as Poincaré duality on the cohomologies. This enhances the \(({\mathbb C}^*)^3\)-equivariance of the isomorphism to (Lefschetz-) \(\text{GL}(2)\times {\mathbb C}^*\).