Künneth formula in Rabinowitz Floer homology (Q353133)

Rabinowitz Floer homology (RFH) has become object of study because of its interrelation with the leafwise intersection problem. The paper's main aim is to show the existence of intersection points and to define the RFH for the class of manifolds which are not of contact type. The existence of infinitely many lifewise intersection points is shown by proving the Künneth formula for RFH. Throughout the paper, the coefficients are in \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\), the authors hope that the Künneth formula holds with \(\mathbb{Z}\)-coefficients. Let \((\Sigma_{1},\lambda_{1})\) and \((\Sigma_{2},\lambda_{2})\) be restricted contact hypersurfaces in exact symplectic manifolds \((M_{1},\omega_{1}=d\lambda_{1})\) and \((M_{2},\omega_{2}=d\lambda_{2})\). Moreover, it is assumed that (i) both hypersurfaces \(\Sigma_{1}\) and \(\Sigma_{2}\) bound a compact region in \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\), respectively, (ii) \(M_{1}\) and \(M_{2}\) are convex at infinity, that is, they are symplectomorphic to the symplectization of a compact contact manifold at infinity. Given \(F_{1}\in C^{\infty}(S^{1}\times M_{1})\), \(F_{2}\in C^{\infty}(S^{1}\times M_{2})\), the operation \[ (F_{1}\oplus F_{2})(t,x,y)=F_{1}(t,x)+F_{2}(t,y),\quad (t,x,y)\in S^{1}\times M_{1}\times M_{2}, \] defines a time-dependent Hamiltonian function \(F_{1}\oplus F_{2}\in C^{\infty}(S^{1}\times M_{1}\times M_{2})\). By considering the projection maps \(\pi_{1}:M_{1}\times M_{2}\rightarrow M_{1}\) and \(\pi_{2}:M_{1}\times M_{2}\rightarrow M_{2}\), on \(M_{1}\times M_{2}\) the symplectic structure \(\omega_{1}\oplus \omega_{2}=\pi^{*}_{1}\omega_{1}+\pi^{*}_{2}\omega_{2}\) is obtained. On \((\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\) a perturbation \(\mathcal{A}^{\overline{H}_{1},\overline{H}_{2}}_{F}\) of the Rabinowitz action functional is considered, as defined in the paper. Taking \(F=0\), the Rabinowitz Floer homology \(\mathrm{HF}(\mathcal{A}^{\overline{H}_{1},\overline{H}_{2}}_{F})\) of \(\mathcal{A}^{\overline{H}_{1},\overline{H}_{2}}_{F}\) can be defined because \(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2}\) is a stable submanifold, see [\textit{J. Kang}, ``Generalized Rabinowitz Floer homology and coisotropic intersection'', Int. Math. Res. Not. (2012; \url{doi:10.1093/imrn/rns113})]. It is denoted here by \(\mathrm{RFH}(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\). Theorem A: The Floer homologies \(\mathrm{RFH}(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\) and \(\mathrm{HF}(\mathcal{A}^{\overline{H}_{1},\overline{H}_{2}}_{F_{1}\oplus F_{2}})\) are well-defined. Moreover, the following Künneth formula in RFH holds: \[ \mathrm{RFH}(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\simeq \bigoplus_{p=0}^{n}\mathrm{RFH}_{p}(\Sigma_{1},M_{1})\otimes \mathrm{RFH}_{n-p}(\Sigma_{2},M_{2}). \] (\(\mathrm{RFH}_{p}(\Sigma_{i},M_{i})\) is the RFH for the restricted contact hypersurfaces \(\Sigma_{i}\subset M_{i}\), see [\textit{P. Albers} and \textit{U. Frauenfelder}, J. Topol. Anal. 2, No. 1, 77--98 (2010; Zbl 1196.53050)]). The author calls attention upon the fact that he establishes compactness of gradient flow lines of the Rabinowitz functional only for perturbations of the form \(F=F_{1}\oplus F_{2}\). So, he asks which perturbations have a leafwise intersection point on \((\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\). Theorem B: Let \((M_{2},\omega_{2})\) be a closed and symplectically aspherical manifold. Then, although \(\Sigma_{1}\times M_{2}\) is not a contact hypersurface, the following holds: (i) \(\Sigma_{1}\times M_{2}\) has a leafwise intersection point for \(\phi\in \mathrm{Ham}_{c}(M_{1}\times M_{2},\omega_{1}\oplus\omega_{2})\) with Hofer-norm \(\|\phi\|< \mathcal{P}(\Sigma_{1},\lambda_{1})\) even if \(\Sigma_{1}\) does not bound a compact region im \(M_{1}\). \noindent (ii) The \(\mathrm{RFH}(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\) \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-module can be defined when \(\Sigma_{1}\) bounds a compact region in \(M_{1}\). Moreover, we have the following Künneth formula: \[ \mathrm{RFH}(\Sigma_{1}\times \Sigma_{2},M_{1}\times M_{2})\simeq \bigoplus_{p=0}^{n}\mathrm{RFH}_{p}(\Sigma_{1},M_{1})\otimes \mathrm{RFH}_{n-p}(M_{2}). \] \noindent As applications, the author proves the following corollaries: \noindent{Corollary A}: Let \(N\) be a closed Riemannian manifold of \(\dim(N)\geq 2\) with \(\dim(H_{*}(\Lambda N))=\infty\) where \(\Lambda N\) is the free loop space of \(N\). Then, there exist infinitely many leafwise intersection points for a generic \(\phi\in \mathrm{Ham}_{c}(T^{*}S^{1}\times T^{*}N)\) on \((S^{*}S^{1}\times S^{*}SN,T^{*}S^{1}\times T^{*}N)\). \noindent {Corollary B}: Let \(M\) be a closed and symplectic aspherical manifold and \(N\) be as above. Then a generic \(\phi\in \mathrm{Ham}_{c}(T^{*}N\times M)\) has infinitely many leafwise intersection points on \((S^{*}N\times M,T^{*}N\times M)\).