How to recognize nonexpansive mappings and isometric mappings (Q353546)

Consider a nonexpansive (i.\,e., 1-Lipschitz) mapping \(T\) between two real Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) with \(T(0)=0\). The authors show that, if there exists a positive sequence \((\gamma_n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\) with \(\gamma_n\to \infty\) such that \[ \|T(\gamma_nx)-T(-\gamma_nx)\|=2\gamma_n \] holds for every \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) and every norm-one element \(x\in X\), then \(T\) is necessarily an isometric mapping. The key to the proof is to show that the set \(\mathcal{G}_X\) of all functionals \(y^*\in Y^*\) such that \(\|y^*\|\leq 1\) and \(y^*\circ T\) is linear satisfies \[ \max_{y^*\in \mathcal{G}_X}y^*(T(x))=\|x\|\quad \text{for all }x\in X. \] This is established by first considering only smooth points \(x\) of the unit sphere \(S_X\), then applying the Mazur density theorem for a separable space \(X\), and finally extending the result also to nonseparable spaces via the relation \[ \mathcal{G}_X=\bigcap\{\mathcal{G}_U:U\subseteq X \;\text{is a closed separable subspace}\}. \] As a corollary to their main theorem, the authors also obtain the following. If \(T:X \rightarrow Y\) is nonexpansive with \(T(0)=0\), \(X\) is strictly convex and there exists a positive sequence \((\gamma_n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\) with \(\gamma_n\to \infty\) and \[ -T(\gamma_nS_X)\subseteq T(\gamma_nS_X)\subseteq \gamma_nS_Y \quad \text{for all }n\in \mathbb{N}, \] then \(T\) must be an isometric mapping.