Primitive multiple curves and deformations of smooth curves (Q355213)

A primitive multiple curve \(Y\) is a Cohen-Macaulay scheme over \({\mathbb C}\) such that \(C=Y_{\mathrm{red}}\) is an irreducible smooth curve and for every closed point \(P\) of \(Y\) the scheme \(Y\) can be locally embedded in a smooth surface \(S\). So, if \(z\) is an element of the maximal ideal of the local ring \(\mathcal O _{S,P}\) generating the ideal of the curve \(C\) in that local ring, then the ideal of \(Y\) in the local ring \(\mathcal O _{S,P}\) is of type \((z^n)\). The integer \(n\) is independent from the point \(P\) of \(Y\) and it is called multiplicity of \(Y\). Note that the ideals \((z^i)\) induce a sequence of primitive multiple curves \(C_i\) of multiplicity \(i\) for \(1 \leq i \leq n\). Note that if \(\mathcal I _C\) denotes the ideal sheaf of \(C\) in \(Y=C_n\), then \(\mathcal I _C / \mathcal I _C ^2\) is e line bundle over \(C\) and \(\mathcal I _C\) is line bundle over \(C_{n-1}\). Let \(\mathcal D \rightarrow T\) be a flat family of projective smooth irreducible curves parametrized by a smooth curve \(T\) with \(C= \mathcal D _{t_0}\), \(t_0\) a closed point of \(T\). Then the \(n\)-th infinitesimal neighborhood of \(C\) in \(\mathcal D\) is a primitive multiple curve \(C_n\) of multiplicity \(n\) and the ideal sheaf of \(C\) in \(C_n\) is the trivial line bundle on the induced curve \(C_{n-1}\) of multiplicity \(n-1\). Conversely, the author proves that every projective multiple curve \(Y=C_n\) such that the ideal sheaf of \(C\) in \(Y\) is the trivial line bundle on \(C_{n-1}\) can be obtained in this way. The author uses for \(n=2\) results of [\textit{D. Bayer} and \textit{D. Eisenbud}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 347, No. 3, 719-756 (1995; Zbl 0853.14016)] and for \(n>2\) he applies his results contained in [Adv. Geom. 7, No. 4, 559--612 (2007; Zbl 1135.14017)].