Spectral triples for hyperbolic dynamical systems (Q355371)

Spectral triples \((A,\mathcal{H},D)\), important in noncommutative geometry, include a \(C^*\)-algebra \(A\) and an unbounded s.a.\ Dirac operator \(D\) on a separable \(H\)-space \(\mathcal{H}\), where the commutators \([D,a]\) are bounded for a norm dense set of \(a\in A\) and the operators \(a(1+D^2)^{-1}\) are compact for all \(a\in A\). A~fine construction of such triples is given for nonunital \(A\) associated to irreducible Smale spaces, namely, for stable \(S\) (or unstable \(U\)) and the respective Ruelle algebras \(R_S\) (or \(R_U\)). Smale spaces were introduced by \textit{D. Ruelle} [Thermodynamic formalism. The mathematical structures of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Cambridge University Press (\({}^2\)2004; Zbl 1062.82001)] and are a remarkable class of hyperbolic dynamical systems \((X,\varphi)\), formed by a homeomorphism \(\varphi\) of a metric compact space \(X\). Following \textit{I. F. Putnam} and \textit{J. Spielberg} [J. Funct. Anal. 163, No. 2, 279--299 (1999; Zbl 0932.46059)], the author introduces \(S\) as the \(C^*\)-algebra corresponding to the groupoid with étale topology arising over \((X,\varphi)\), similarly \(U\) comes from \((X,\varphi^{-1})\). Here, \(\mathcal{H}\) is the \(l^2\)-space over some countable set of homoclinic points and the construction of \(D\) involves a choice of a certain continuous function \(\omega_0\) to encode the dynamics. That \(D\) for \(S\) fits also for \(R_S\), i.e., a crossed product of \(S\) by a unitarily implemented action of \(\varphi\) on \(\mathcal{H}\) . The triples are \(\theta\)-summable (see, e.g., [\textit{A. Rennie}, K-Theory 31, No. 1, 71--100 (2004; Zbl 1052.46055)]), since \(\operatorname{tr}(ae^{-t(1+D^2)})<\infty\) for \(t>0\) and sufficiently many \(a\in A\). Moreover, if \(\omega_0\) is taken locally Lipschitz, then \(\lambda^{D}\) is also a Dirac operator fit for \(A=S\), where \(\lambda>1\) is the expansion constant for \(\varphi\). Then the topological entropy of \((X,\varphi)\) determines \(\inf\{s: \operatorname{tr}(a(1+\lambda^{2D})^{-s/2})<\infty\}\).