Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in the sense of Beurling (Q355978)

Beurling's version of the uncertainty principle states the following: If \(f \in L^1(\mathbb R)\) and \[ \int_{\mathbb R}~\int_{\mathbb R} |f(x)| |\widehat{f}(y)| e^{2\pi|xy|}\,dx\,dy < \infty, \] then \(f\) is zero almost everywhere. The present paper is concerned with a sharp version of this theorem where the above condition is replaced with a holomorphic extension property of an auxiliary function. For \(f \in L^2 (\mathbb R)\) define \[ F(\lambda) = \int_{\mathbb R} \int_{\mathbb R} \overline{f(x)}\widehat{f}(y)e^{i2\pi \lambda xy}\,dx\,dy. \] Note that Beurling's condition implies that \(F(\lambda)\) is a bounded holomorphic function in the strip \(S = \{ \lambda \in \mathbb C:~|\text{Im} \lambda| < 1 \}\) and continuous on \(\overline{S}.\) The author proves the following stronger version: Suppose \(f \in L^2(\mathbb R),\) and let \(F(\lambda)\) be defined as above for \(\lambda \in \mathbb R \setminus \{0\}.\) Assume that \(F(\lambda)\) has a holomorphic extension to a neighborhood of \(\overline{\mathbb D} \setminus \{i, -i\}\) (here \(\mathbb D\) is the open unit disc in \(\mathbb C\)) such that \[ \int_{\mathbb D}|F(\lambda)|^2|\lambda^2 + 1 |\,dA(\lambda) < \infty, \] then \noindent (I) \(F(\lambda) = c_0~(1+\lambda^2)^{-1/2}\) for some constant \(c_0 \geq 0\) and, \noindent (II) if in addition \(\inf_{\mathbb D} |F(\lambda)|^2~|1+ \lambda^2| = 0,\) then \(F(\lambda) = 0\) and consequently \(f = 0\) almost everywhere. Generalizations to \(\mathbb R^n\) and the case of two functions are also given.