Fourth-degree polynomial integrals of a natural mechanical system on a two-dimensional torus (Q358180)

The authors consider the Hamiltonian system \[ \dot x = \frac{\partial H}{\partial p_1},\;\dot y = \frac{\partial H}{\partial p_2},\;\dot p_1 =-\frac{\partial H}{\partial x},\;\dot p_2 = -\frac{\partial H}{\partial y} \tag{1} \] with the Hamiltonian \[ H = \frac{p^2_1+ p^2_2}{2}+ V (x, y), \] where \(V\) is a periodic function on the plane \(\mathbb R^2\) with the lattice of periods \(\Lambda \subset\mathbb R^2\). In [\textit{N. V. Denisova} and \textit{V. V. Kozlov}, Sb. Math. 191, No. 2, 189--208 (2000); translation from Mat. Sb. 191, No. 2, 43--63 (2000; Zbl 0964.70015)], it was shown that a fourth-degree integral can be reduced to integrals of lesser degree in all cases with the exception of the case in which the potential \(V\) is of the form \[ V(x, y) = V_1(x) + V_2(x+y) + V_3(y) + V_4(y-x). \tag{2} \] Recently, it has been shown that methods from [\textit{M. L. Byalyi}, Funct. Anal. Appl. 21, No. 4, 310--312 (1987); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 21, No. 4, 64--65 (1987; Zbl 0668.58014)] do not also embrace the last case. This is precisely the case studied in the present paper. Theorem 1. If the Hamiltonian system (1) with periodic potential (2) possesses a fourth-degree polynomial-in-momenta integral, then each of the functions \(V_i\) contains infinitely many nonzero Fourier coefficients in its expansion. Theorem 2. Suppose that the Fourier coefficients \(v^n_i\) rapidly decrease as \(|n|\) increases (as the Fourier coefficients of a sufficiently smooth function). Then, under the assumptions of Theorem~1, the following equalities hold: \[ |v^n_1| = |v^n_3|, |v^n_2| = |v^n_4|. \]