Generalized synchronization of identical chaotic systems on the route from an independent dynamics to the complete synchrony (Q359000)

This paper considers the transitions that occur when two chaotic systems are coupled together in such a way that perfect synchrony is a possible solution. For zero coupling strength, the system is hyperchaotic (having more than one positive Lyapunov exponent). However, for strong enough coupling, the perfectly synchronous state may be stable. A direct transition from asynchronous hyperchaos to complete synchrony can occur (as a parameter is varied) if the synchronous manifold becomes transversally stable before other regions of phase space show transversal stability. Alternatively, an intermediate stage of generalized synchronization can occur if the synchronous manifold is transversally unstable, while local transversal contraction occurs in other areas of phase space away from the synchronous manifold, and visited by chaotic trajectories. The two different scenarios are illustrated numerically, firstly for a pair of coupled Bernoulli maps (\(x_{n+1}=x_n\) mod \(2\pi\)), then for a pair of coupled ODE systems, each described by four nonautonomous ODEs. The analysis applies to both bi- and uni-directionally coupled systems.