Foliations and global injectivity in \(\mathbb R^{n }\) (Q360242)

The authors consider the problem when a polynomial local diffeomorphism \( F=(f_{1},\ldots ,f_{n}):\mathbb{R}^{n}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}\) is a global diffeomorphism. This problem is closely related to various formulations of real and complex Jacobian Conjecture. The main result is formulated in terms of the smooth foliations \(\mathcal{F}_{i_{1},\ldots ,i_{k}}\) whose leaves are intersections of level sets \(\{f_{i_{j}}=\text{ const}\},\) \(j=1,\ldots ,k,\) of \(k\) components of \(F\). {Theorem. } Let \(F\) be a polynomial local diffeomorphism. Then \(F\) is a global diffeomorphism if and only if the leaves of foliations \(\mathcal{F} _{i_{1},\ldots ,i_{n-2}}\) are simple connected for all \((n-2)\)-subsets \( \{i_{1},\ldots ,i_{n-2}\}\) of \(\{1,\ldots ,n\}\) and \(\text{codim} (S_{F})\geq 2\) (\(S_{F}\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\) is the subset of points in the range of \(F\) over which the map \(F\) is not proper).