The positive aspects of smoothness in Banach lattices (Q360410)

Let \((X,\leq,\|.\|)\) be an arbitrary Banach lattice, \(X^+\) be the positive cone in \(X\) and, given any \(x\in X\backslash\{0\}\), define \(\operatorname{Grad}(x)\) as the set of all supporting functionals at \(x\), that is, the set of those functionals from \(S(X^*)\), the unit sphere of the dual space of \(X\), such that \(x^*(x)=\|x\|\). First, the following theorem is proved: (a) Let \(X\) be an arbitrary Banach lattice and let \(x\in X^+\backslash\{0\}\). If the element \(x\) is smooth, then \(\text{Grad}(x)=\{f\}\), where \(f\geq 0\). (b) Let \(X\) be a Dedekind \(\sigma\)-complete Banach lattice and let an element \(x=x^+-x^-\in X\) be such that \(x^+, x^-\neq 0\). Then there is a linear auto-isometry \(\theta\) of \(X\) such that \(\theta^*\) maps \(\text{Grad}(x)\) onto \(\text{Grad}(|x|)\). Hence, the elements \(x\) and \(|x|\) are simultaneously smooth. Other results of this paper are given in the following two theorems: Let \(X\) be an arbitrary Banach lattice such that its dual \(X^*\) is strictly monotone. Then, for every positive element \(x\) of \(X\), we have the equality \[ \text{Grad}(x)=\text{Grad}(x)^+. \] Let \(X\) be a real Banach lattice such that its order continuous part \(X_a\) is order dense in \(X\). If \(X_a\) is an \(M\)-ideal then, for every element \(x\in X_a\backslash\{0\}\), the set \(\text{Grad}(x)\) consists of order continuous functionals on \(X\), that is, \(\operatorname{Grad}(x)\subset X^*_n\). Moreover, if the topological dual \(X_a^*\) \((\)of \(X_a)\) is strictly monotone, then \(\text{Grad}(|x|)=\text{Grad}(x)^+\) for all \(x\in X_a\), and there are isometries \(T\) and \(S\) mapping \(\text{Grad}(x)\) onto \(\text{Grad}(|x|)\) and \(\text{Grad}(x)\) onto \(\operatorname{Grad}_{X_a}(x)\), respectively. In particular, the elements \(x\) and \(|x|\) are smooth points both of \(X\) and \(X_a\) simultaneously. Some interesting corollaries are also presented.