Multiplicity and singular solutions for a Liouville type system in a ball (Q360912)

Let \(B\) be the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), with \(N\geq 3\), and let \(\lambda,\mu \in ]0,+\infty[\). The authors study the existence of singular radial solutions of the following boundary value problem for the Liouville system \[ -\Delta u=\lambda e^v,\quad -\Delta v=\mu e^u,\quad u=v=0\text{ on }\partial B,\tag{1} \] as well as the multiplicity of regular solutions. In the first main result, the authors prove that if \(u,v\in C^2(B\setminus \{0\})\) are radial positive solutions of the system \(-\Delta u=\lambda e^v\), \(-\Delta v=\mu e^u\), in \(B\setminus\{0\}\), then either both \(u\) and \(v\) admit a smooth extension to \(B\) or \(u\) and \(v\) are both singular and have a \(\log\)-type singularity. In the second main result, the authors prove the existence of singular radial solutions. In particular, they prove that there exists a smooth decreasing function \(\bar{h}:]0,+\infty[\rightarrow ]0,+\infty[\), with \(\lim_{\mu\rightarrow 0}\bar{h}(\mu)=+\infty\), \(\lim_{\mu\rightarrow +\infty}\bar{h}(\mu)=0\) such that problem (1) has a radial singular solution \((u,v)\) if and only if \(\lambda=\bar{h}(\mu)\). Moreover, it is proved that the radial singular solution is unique. Finally, if the dimension \(N\) is not greater than \(9\), the authors establish a multiplicity result for regular solutions to problem (1). In particular, they prove that, if \((\lambda,\mu)\) approaches a fixed point \((\mu_0,h(\mu_0))\), then the number of regular solutions tends to infinity. Moreover, for each \(\mu>0\) and \(\lambda=h(\mu)\), it is proved that there exist infinitely many regular solutions. The results obtained by the authors extend to systems with results analogous known for the Liouville-Gelfand problem \(-\Delta u=\lambda e^u\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial B\).