The variety of Jordan algebras determined by the identity \((xy)(zt)\equiv 0\) has almost polynomial growth (Q368232)

It is well-known that for a variety of linear algebras over a field of characteristic zero every identity is equivalent to a system of polynomial identities. Spaces of multilinear elements over the free algebra are therefore essential to study varieties. Given a variety of algebras \(V\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic zero, with relatively free algebra \(F\{X, V\}\) for a countable set of generators \(X=\{x_1,x_2,\ldots,\}\), the subspaces \(P_n(V )\subset F\{X,V\}\) consist of all multilinear elements of degree \(n\) in the generators \(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\), and their dimensions, \(c_n(V)=dim P_n(V)\), form a numerical sequence characteristic of the variety, called codimension sequence, whose behaviour provides a notion of the variety growth. A variety of algebras \(V\) has polynomial growth if there are nonnegative numbers \(C\) and \(m\) such that \(c_n(V)\leq Cn^m\) for every \(n\). If this condition holds for all proper subvarieties of \(V\) but not for \(V\) itself, then it is said that \(V\) has almost polynomial growth. For associative algebras there only exist varieties having either polynomial or exponential growth with integer exponent, whereas there are examples of Lie algebras with superexponential growth and exponential growth with fractional exponent. However, neither for associative nor for Lie algebras there exist varieties having an intermediate growth (between polynomial and exponential). In this paper the authors focus on the variety \(V_1\) of Jordan algebras over a field \(F\), \(\text{char}\, F=0\), satisfying the identity \((xy)(zt) \equiv 0\) and prove that every proper subvariety of \(V_1\) has polynomial growth. This result, joined to the fact (also proved in this paper) that for any \(n\), it holds that \(c_n(V_1)= k {n\choose k+1}\), where \(k=[\frac{n}{2}]\) is the integer part of \(\frac{n}{2}\), proves that \(V_1\) has almost polynomial growth. A Jordan algebra generating the variety \(V_1\) is also given as well as a description of the multilinear part \(P_n(V_1)\) of the variety \(V_1\) as module of the symmetric group.