A Lazard-like theorem for quasi-coherent sheaves (Q368652)

This work is in regards to filtrations of vector bundles over schemes in the sense of \textit{V. Drinfeld}, [``Infinite dimensional vector bundles in algebraic geometry'', in P. Etingof, R. Vilademir, I.M. Singer (ed.), The Unity of Mathematics, 263--304, Birkhäuser, Boston (2006; Zbl 1108.14012)] where a quasi-coherent \(\mathcal{O}_X\)-module \(\mathcal{F}\) is called a vector bundle (resp. locally flat Mittag-Leffler, locally almost projective) if \(\mathcal{F}(U)\) is a projective \(\mathcal{O}_X(U)\)-module (resp. flat ML, almost projective) for any affine open subset \(U\) of \(X\). First the authors prove that for \(X\) a scheme, \(\mathcal{F}\) a quasi-coherent sheaf on \(X\), then \(\mathcal{F}\) is a vector bundle (resp. locally flat ML, locally almost projective) if and only if there exists an open affine cover \(X = \bigcup_{i \in I} U_i\) such that the \(\mathcal{O}_X(U_i)\)-modules \(\mathcal{F}(U_i)\) are projective (resp. flat ML, almost projective) for all \(i \in I\). The main results of this paper regarding filtrations of such sheaves are proven via the construction of an equivalence of categories QCoh\((X) \rightarrow \mathbf{R}_{\text{QCoh}}\)-mod from quasi-coherent sheaves on a scheme to quasi-coherent \(\mathbf{R}\)-modules where \(\mathbf{R}\) is a quiver representation in the category of commutative rings. The first fundamental result proven for \(\mathbf{R}\)-modules can be seen as a result for quasi-coherent sheaves over a quasi-compact and semi-separated scheme \(X\), and makes essential use of the Hill lemma as covered in [\textit{R. Gobel} and \textit{J. Trlifaj}, Approximations and Endomorphisms Algebras of Modules. de Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics 41. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (2006; Zbl 1292.16001)], and it is the following: any locally almost projective quasi-coherent \(\mathbf{R}\)-module is filtered by locally countably generated almost projective quasi-coherent \(\mathbf{R}\)-modules. As a consequence the authors obtain a generalization of Kaplansky's theorem for quasi-coherent sheaves as presented in [\textit{S. Estrada} et al., Adv. Math. 231, No. 3--4, 1417--1438 (2012; Zbl 1266.14014)], which is that any vector bundle on a scheme \(X\) is a filtration of locally countably generated vector bundles. The second essential result of the paper is a generalization of a result of \textit{D. Lazard} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 97, 81--128 (1969; Zbl 0174.33301)] and makes use of flat ML modules and states that for a quasi-compact and semi-separated scheme \(X\) which in addition has enough locally countably generated vector bundles, \(\mathbf{F}\) a flat quasi-coherent sheaf on \(X\) regarded as an \(\mathbf{R}\)-module, then \(\mathbf{F} = \text{colim} \mathbf{F}_i\) where \(\mathbf{F}_i\) are locally countably generated and flat such that \(\mathcal{V}\text{dim}\mathbf{F}_i \leq 1\) where for \(\mathbf{M} \in \mathbf{R}_{\text{Qcoh}}\)-Mod then one says \(\mathcal{V}\text{dim}\mathbf{M} \leq n\) if there is an exact sequence in \(\mathbf{R}_{\text{Qcoh}}\)-Mod \(0 \rightarrow \mathbf{P}_n \rightarrow \cdots \rightarrow \mathbf{P}_0 \rightarrow \mathbf{M} \rightarrow 0\) where all \(\mathbf{P}_i\)'s are in \(\mathcal{V}\) the class of all vector bundles on \(X\).