On domains and ranges of powers of linear relations in linear spaces (Q371706)

Let \(\mathcal X\) be a linear space and \(A\) be a linear relation on \(\mathcal X\). The notations \(\operatorname{dom}A\), \(\operatorname{ran}A\), \(\operatorname{ker}A\) and \(\operatorname{mul}A\) denote the domain, the range, the kernel and the multivalued part of \(A\), respectively. In this paper, the author shows that, if \(A\) and \(B\) are two linear relations such that \(B\) is a restriction of \(A\), one has: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] if \(\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{ker }A}{\mathrm{ker }B}<\infty,\) then, for every \(n\in\mathbb N,\) \(n\geq 1\), \[ \mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{ran }A^n}{\mathrm{ran }B^n}\leq n\cdot\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{ran }A}{\mathrm{ran }B}+(n-1)\cdot\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{ker }A}{\mathrm{ker }B}; \] \item[(2)] if \(\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{mul }A}{\mathrm{mul }B}<\infty,\) then, for every \(n\in\mathbb N,\) \(n\geq 1\), \[ \mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{dom }A^n}{\mathrm{dom }B^n}\leq n\cdot\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{dom }A}{\mathrm{dom }B}+(n-1)\cdot\mathrm{dim }\frac{\mathrm{mul }A}{\mathrm{mul }B}. \] \end{itemize}} The first formula is new even in the operatorial case.