Waring decompositions of monomials (Q373860)

For a form \(F\in k[x_0,\dots,x_n]_d\), the Waring rank \(R(F)\) of \(F\) is the minimum \(r\) such that \(F\) can be written as \(F=L_1^{d}+\dots+L_r^{d}\), where the \(L_i\)'s are linear forms. Such a decomposition (for \(r=R(F)\)) is called a Waring decomposition of \(F\). This paper deals with the problem of studying the Waring decomposition when \(F\) is a monomial; the main question which is considered (and answered) is about the unicity of a Waring decomposition up to scaling the variables (i.e., replaying each \(x_i\) with \(\lambda_i x_i\), for \(\lambda_i\in k\) and \(\Pi _{i=1}^n\lambda_i = 1)\). The main results in the paper are: Given a monomial \(F=x_0^{d_0}x_1^{d_1}\dots x_n^{d_n}\in \mathbb{C}[x_0,\dots,x_n]_d\), with \(0<d_0\leq d_1\leq \dots\leq d_n\) and a Waring decomposition \(F=L_1^{d}+\dots+L_r^{d}\), the set of points \(\{[L_1],\dots,[L_r]\}\) (in the dual \(\mathbb{P}^n\)) is a complete intersection of hypersurfaces of degrees \(d_1+1,\dots,d_n+1\) (also the structure of the generating polynomials for the c.i. ideal is given). The variety of sum of powers \(\mathrm{VSP}(F)\) (i.e., the closure in \(\mathrm{Hilb}_r(\mathbb{P}^n)\) of the set of reduced \(\{[L_1],\dots,[L_r]\}\)'s such that \(F=L_1^{d}+\dots+L_r^{d}\)) is irreducible and \(\dim \mathrm{VSP}(F) = h(d_1-d_0)+\dots+h(d_n-d_0)\), where \(h\) is the value of the Hilbert function of \(\mathbb{C}[x_0,\dots,x_n]/(x_1^{d_1+1},\dots,x_n^{d_n+1})\) in degree \(d\). The Waring decomposition of \(F=x_0^{d_0}x_1^{d_1}\dots x_n^{d_n}\) is unique up to rescaling of the variables if and only if \(d_0=d_1=\dots=d_n\).