PBW for an inclusion of Lie algebras (Q373866)

Let \(\mathfrak h\subset\mathfrak g\) be an inclusion of Lie algebras with quotient \(\mathfrak h\)-module \(\mathfrak{n}\). The paper answers the question of when is \(U(\mathfrak g)/U(\mathfrak g)\mathfrak h\) isomorphic to \(S(\mathfrak{n})\) as \(\mathfrak h\)-representations, by giving two equivalent conditions. First, the authors define a class \(\alpha\in \mathrm{Ext}^1_{\mathfrak h}(\mathfrak{n}^{\otimes 2},\mathfrak{n})\) by composing the class of the short exact sequence \(0\rightarrow\mathfrak h\rightarrow\mathfrak g\rightarrow\mathfrak{n}\rightarrow 0\) with the \(\mathfrak h\)-action. The first equivalence states that there is a natural filtration on \(U(\mathfrak g)/U(\mathfrak g)\mathfrak h\) which splits to give the aforementioned isomorphism if and only if \(\alpha\) is trivial. This is also equivalent to the \(\mathfrak h\)-representation \(\mathfrak{n}\) admitting an extension to \(\mathfrak h^{(1)}\), where the latter Lie algebra is defined as the quotient of the free Lie algebra generated be the vector space \(\mathfrak g\) by the ideal generated by the elements \(\{[h,g]-[h,g]_{\mathfrak g},\;h\in\mathfrak h,\;g\in\mathfrak g\}\). The main idea is to use a dictionary between Lie theory and algebraic geometry, translating in the representation theoretic setting a corresponding result of the second author and \textit{D. Arinkin} [Adv. Math. 231, No. 2, 815--842 (2012; Zbl 1250.14006)]. With this dictionary, \(U(\mathfrak g)/U(\mathfrak g)\mathfrak h\) arises as \(i^\ast i!\mathcal{O}_X\), and \(S(\mathfrak{n})\) arises as \(S(N[-1])\), where \(i: X\hookrightarrow Y\) is a closed embedding of smooth algebraic varieties, \(N\) is the normal bundle of \(X\) in \(Y\) and \(\mathcal{O}_X\) is the structure sheaf, playing the role of the trivial representation of the shifted tangent sheaf \(T_X[-1]\).