Quotient of Deligne-Lusztig varieties. (Q375185)

Let \(\mathbf G\) be a connected reductive algebraic group, together with an isogeny \(F\), some power of which is a Frobenius endomorphism. Fix a Borel subgroup \(\mathbf B\) containing a maximal torus \(\mathbf T\) of \(\mathbf G\) such that both \(\mathbf B\) and \(\mathbf T\) are \(F\)-stable. They define a root system \(\Phi\) with basis \(\Delta\), and a set of positive roots \(\Phi^+\). The corresponding Weyl group \(W\) is endowed with an action of \(F\), compatible with the isomorphism \(W\simeq\text{N}_{\mathbf G}(\mathbf T)/\mathbf T\). Let \(S\) denote the set of simple reflections. Let \(B_W^+\) (resp. \(B_W\)) denote the Artin-Tits monoid (resp. Artin-Tits group) of \(W\), and let \(\mathbf S=\{\mathbf s_\alpha:\alpha\in\Delta\}\) be its generating set. The reduced elements of \(B_W^+\) form a set \(\mathbf W\) which is in bijection with \(W\) by the canonical projection \(B_W\to W\). Let \(\mathbf I\) be a subset of \(\mathbf S\), and denote by \(B_{\mathbf I}^+\) the submonoid of \(B_W^+\) generated by \(\mathbf I\). Let us denote by \(\mathbf I@>{\mathbf b}>>{^F\mathbf I}\) any pair \((\mathbf{I,b})\) with \(\mathbf b\in B_W^+\) satisfying the following properties: \(\bullet\) any left divisor of \(\mathbf b\) in \(B_{\mathbf I}^+\) is trivial; \(\bullet\) \(^{\mathbf bF}\mathbf I=\mathbf I\), that is, every \(\mathbf s\in\mathbf I\) satisfies \(\mathbf b^{-1}\mathbf s\mathbf b\in{^F\mathbf I}\). Digne and Michel have attached a \textit{parabolic Deligne-Lusztig variety} \(X(\mathbf I,\mathbf bF)\) to any such pair \((\mathbf{I,b})\). We have \(\mathbf b=\mathbf w\in\mathbf W\), and if \(w\) denotes the image of \(\mathbf w\) in \(W\), then the above conditions are equivalent to \(w\) being \(I\)-reduced with \(I\subset S\) corresponding to \(\mathbf I\), and \(^{wF}I=I\). In that case, we have \[ X(\mathbf I,\mathbf b F)=X(I,w F)=\{g\in\mathbf G:g^{-1}{^Fg}\in\mathbf P_Iw{^F\mathbf P}_I\}/\mathbf P_I, \] where \(\mathbf P_I\) is the standard parabolic subgroup defined by \(I\). Let \(\mathbf P_I=\mathbf L_I\mathbf U_I\) be a Levi decomposition of \(\mathbf P_I\). The partial flag variety \(\mathbf G/\mathbf P_I\) admits a decomposition into \(\mathbf P_J\)-orbits \(\mathbf G/\mathbf P_I=\coprod_x\mathbf P_Jx\mathbf P_I\) where \(x\) runs over any set of representatives of \(W_J\backslash W/W_I\). The restriction of this decomposition to \(X(I,wF)\) can be written as \[ X(I,wF)=\coprod_{x\in W_J\backslash W/W_I}\{px\mathbf P_I\in\mathbf P_Jx\mathbf P_I/\mathbf P_I:p^{-1}{^Fp}\in x(\mathbf P_Iw{^F\mathbf P}_I){^Fx}^{-1}\}. \] Let \(X_x:=X(I,wF)\cap\mathbf P_Jx\mathbf P_I/\mathbf P_I\) be a piece of the above decomposition. It is a locally closed \(\mathbf P_J^F\)-subvariety of \(X(I,wF)\). Each of these pieces can be lifted up to \(\mathbf P_J\). Recall that any element \(\mathbf I@>{\mathbf b}>>{^F\mathbf I}\) can be decomposed as \[ \mathbf I=\mathbf I_1@>{\mathbf w_1}>>{\mathbf I_2}@>{\mathbf w_2}>>\cdots@>{\mathbf w_r}>>{\mathbf I_{r+1}}={^F\mathbf I}, \] where \(\mathbf w_i\in\mathbf W\). One can associate to each \(\mathbf I@>{\mathbf b}>>{^F\mathbf I}\) a variety \(\widetilde X(\mathbf I,\mathbf bF)\) together with a Galois covering \(\pi_{\mathbf b}\colon\widetilde X(\mathbf I,\mathbf bF)\to X(\mathbf I,\mathbf bF)\) with Galois group \(L_I^{t(\mathbf b)F}\), where \(t\colon B_W\to\text{N}_{\mathbf G}(\mathbf T)\) is an \(F\)-stable Tits homomorphism which extends \(w\in W\mapsto\dot w\). In the case when \(\mathbf b=\mathbf w\in\mathbf W\), we have \[ \widetilde X(\mathbf I,\mathbf w)=\{g\in\mathbf G:g^{-1}{^Fg}\in\mathbf U_I\dot w{^F\mathbf U}_I\}/\mathbf U_I, \] where \(\mathbf U_I\) denotes the unipotent radical of \(\mathbf P_I\). One can define the varieties \(\widetilde X_x:=\pi_{\mathbf b}^{-1}(X_x)\) in order to obtain a partition of \(\widetilde X(\mathbf I,\mathbf b F)\) into locally closed \(\mathbf P_J^F\times\mathbf L_I^{t(\mathbf b)F}\)-subvarieties. Let \(\mathbf Q\) be an \(F\)-stable parabolic subgroup of \(\mathbf G\), with Levi decomposition \(\mathbf Q=\mathbf{MV}\). Assuming that the pair \((\mathbf L_I\cap{^x\mathbf M},\mathbf P_I\cap{^x\mathbf M})\) is ``close'' to \((\mathbf L_I,\mathbf P_I)\) the author is able to express the cohomology of \(\mathbf V^F\backslash\widetilde X_x\) in terms of parabolic Deligne-Lusztig varieties associated to Levi subgroups of \(\mathbf M\) in Theorem~3.11. In the modular framework, Deligne-Lusztig induction and restriction functors give only partial information on the category of modules, and Bonnafé and Rouquier have defined corresponding induction and restriction triangulated functors in the bounded derived category of \(\mathbf G^F\)-modules. Unlike the first functors, these functors are not expected to satisfy a naive Mackey formula as they highly depend on the choice of the parabolic subgroup (and not only on the Levi subgroup of it). However, there is a good evidence that the composition \({^*R}_{\mathbf M\subset\mathbf Q}^{\mathbf G}\circ R_{\mathbf L\subset\mathbf P}^{\mathbf G}\) should be somehow related to similar functors attached to smaller Levi subgroups, and the main motivation of the article was to investigate the situation where the parabolic subgroup \(\mathbf Q\) is \(F\)-stable. In that case the above composition of functors is induced by the cohomology of the quotient by \(\mathbf V^F\) of the parabolic Deligne-Lusztig variety associated to \((\mathbf{L,P})\). Theorem 3.11 of the article, which is sufficient to cover most of the Deligne-Lusztig varieties associated with unipotent \(\Phi_d\)-blocks with cyclic defect group, should provide several new results on the geometric version of Broué's Abelian defect group conjecture.