Adjoint lifts and modular endomorphism algebras (Q375672)

The aim of this paper is to describe the endomorphism algebra \(X_f\) of the motive attached to a non-CM cusp form \(f\) in terms of the Fourier coefficients of \(f\). More precisely, let \(M_f\) be the Grothendieck motive attached to a non-CM cusp form \(f=\sum_{n\geq 1}a_nq^n\) of level \(N\geq 1\), weight \(k\geq 2\) and character \(\epsilon\). Then it is well known that \(X=X_f=\text{End}\,M_f\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}\mathbb{Q}\) is a central simple algebra over a subfield \(F\) of \(E=\mathbb{Q}(a_n)\) whose class in the Brauer group \(\text{Br}(F)=H^2(F,\mathbb{G}_m)\) is \(2\)-torsion. This class may be described by an explicit cocycle by work of \textit{F. Momose} [J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, Sect. I A 28, 89--109 (1981; Zbl 0482.10023)], \textit{K. Ribet} [Math. Ann. 253, 43--62 (1980; Zbl 0421.14008)] and \textit{A. Brown} and \textit{E. Ghate} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 53, No. 6, 1615--1676 (2003; Zbl 1050.11062)]. Using standard techniques from class field theory, the knowledge of \(X\) is equivalent to the knowledge of \(X_v=X\otimes_F F_v\) for all finite places \(v\) of \(F\). The paper gives a complete description of \(X_v\) in terms of the slope of an automorphic representation \(\Pi\) of \(\text{GL}_4(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})\) in the case where the local component \(\pi_v\) of the automorphic representation \(\pi\) associated to \(f\) is a principal series representation. The representation \(\Pi\) is defined using the Gelbart-Jacquet adjoint lift (a special case of Langlands functoriality) of \(\pi\). If \(\pi_v\) is a principal series representation it makes sense to define the slope \(m_v\in\mathbb{Z}\) of \(\Pi_v\) to be the valuation of the trace of Frobenius on the associated local Galois (or Weil-Deligne) representation. Then the main result is that \(X_v\) is split if and only if \(m_v\) is even unless \(\pi_v\) is a ramified principal series representation and \(m_v\geq [F_v:\mathbb{Q}_p](k-1)\), i.e.~the slopes of the two Frobenius eigenvalues coincide. In the latter case the authors give a more involved (but complete) characterization of \(X_v\) . In the last two sections of the paper there are also some remarks about (a very special case of) the case \(\pi_v\) supercuspidal, as well as some numerical examples.