Algebraic properties of codimension series of PI-algebras. (Q375679)

Let \(c_n(R)\), \(n=0,1,2,\ldots\), be the codimension sequence of the PI-algebra \(R\) over a field of characteristic zero with T-ideal \(T(R)\), and let \(c(R,t)=c_0(R)+c_1(R)t+c_2(R)t^2+\cdots\) be the codimension series of \(R\). The authors also consider the respective exponential generating function \(\widetilde c(R,t)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty c_n(R)/n!t^n\). It is known that \(c(M_k(K),t)\) is not algebraic for odd \(k>1\) [\textit{W. Beckner} and \textit{A. Regev}, Adv. Math. 65, 1-15 (1987; Zbl 0651.05008)]. As a main result, the authors prove the following. Theorem. Let \(R_1\), \(R_2\), and \(R\) be PI-algebras such that \(T(R)=T(R_1)T(R_2)\). 1) If \(c(R_1,t)\) and \(c(R_2,t)\) are rational functions, then \(c(R,t)\) is also a rational function. 2) If \(c(R_1,t)\) is rational and \(c(R_2,t)\) is algebraic, then \(c(R,t)\) is an algebraic function. Next, the authors consider varieties of associative algebras with precisely known codimension sequences. In particular, examples of varieties with rational and algebraic functions are given.