Random variables associated with the Farey tree (Q378646)

From the text: The paper investigates random variables associated with the limit distribution for the Farey tree rationals. The present paper is closely related to the author's article [J. Math. Sci., New York 157, No. 4, 553--559 (2009); translation from Zap. Nauchn. Semin. POMI 357, 22--32 (2008; Zbl 1201.11094)], where a smooth strictly convex curve containing a large number of rational points with a fixed denominator was constructed. All the main results of the present paper (Theorems 1--4) are devoted to studying the curvature of this curve. Denote the set of all points of level \(n\) by \(W_n\) and define the function \(Q(t)\) by \(Q_n(t)=\frac 1{3^n}\sum_{_{\substack{ a/b\in W_n\\ a/b\leq t}}}b\) and \(Q(t)=\lim_{n\to\infty} Q_n(t)\). The function \(Q(t)\) is continuous and strictly increasing, and, in addition, \(Q(0)=0\), \(Q(1)=1\). Then she proves: Theorem 1. For almost all \(t\) \((0<t<1)\) in the Lebesgue measure, \(Q'(t)=0\). Theorem 2. Let \(r\) be rational. Then \(Q'(r)=0\). Theorem 3. Let \(d\) be sufficiently large squarefree number and let \(\alpha\in\mathbb Q(\sqrt d)\). Then there is a class \(C\) of irrationals such that \(Q'(\alpha)=0\) for all \(\alpha\in C\). Theorem 4. Let \(t\) be an irrational number whose continued fraction expansion is of the form \(t=[0,k,\ldots,k_l,\ldots]\), where for every \(l\), either \(k_l=1\) or \(k_l=2\). Then \(Q'(t)=\infty\).