On certain biquadratic equations (Q378891)

The authors consider equations of type \((x^2+y^2)^2-D(z^2+t^2)=k\) for \(k=1,-2,2\) in the four variables \(x,y,z,t\), where \(D=p^{\alpha}\), \(\alpha\equiv 1 \pmod 2\) and \(p\equiv 3\pmod 4\), \(p\equiv 3\pmod 8\), \(p\equiv 7\pmod 8\), respectively. It is shown that if there exist at least one integer solution (assuming in the first case \(z^2+t^2>0\)), then there are infinitely many solutions. This is a very interesting generalization of the theory of Pell's equations that can give rise to generalizations of other Diophantine equations.