Global regularity of solutions to the Boussinesq equations with fractional diffusion (Q378924)

The authors consider the \(d\)-dimensional (\(d \geq 3\)) incompressible Boussinesq equations: \[ \partial_t u + u \cdot \nabla u + \nabla \pi + \nu \mathcal{L}_1^2 u = \theta e_d, \] \[ \partial_t \theta + u \cdot \nabla \theta + \kappa \mathcal{L}_2^2 \theta = 0, \] \[ \text{div}\, u = 0, \] \[ u(x, 0) = u_0(x), \, \theta(x, 0) = \theta_0(x). \] where \(\mathcal{L}_1\) and \(\mathcal{L}_2\) are Fourier multipliers with symbols \(m_1\) and \(m_2\), respectively, that satisfy \[ m_1(\xi) \geq \frac{|\xi|^{\alpha}}{g_1(\xi)}, \quad m_2(\xi) \geq \frac{|\xi|^{\beta}}{g_2(\xi)}. \] The global existence of the classical solution for this problem is proved in the two following cases: (i) \(\alpha \geq \tfrac{1}{2} + \tfrac{d}{4}\), \(\beta \geq 0\), \((\alpha, \beta) \neq (\tfrac{1}{2} + \tfrac{d}{4}, 0)\), (ii) \(g_1 \geq 1\) and \(g_2 \geq 1\) are nondecreasing functions such that \[ \int_1^{\infty} \frac{d \tau}{\tau g_11^2(\tau)(g_1^2(\tau))} = \infty \] and \(\alpha \geq \tfrac{1}{2} + \tfrac{d}{4}\), \(\beta > 0\) and \(\alpha + \beta \geq 1 + \tfrac{d}{2}\). In parallel, the authors obtain similar regularity results for the Benard equation. The proof technique is based on energy methods and the approach developed previously for the 2D Boussinesq equations. The main tools are a priori estimates, the Fourier localization technique, and Bony's paraproduct decomposition.