Some advances on generic properties of the Oseledets splitting (Q379579)

In this paper the author gives a survey on the study of generic diffeomorphisms. Oseledets proved the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem, which provides an invariant splitting \(T_xM=E_x^1\oplus\cdots\oplus E_x^{k(x)}\) for almost all points. Due to the generality of this theorem, the splitting is proved only to be measurable. In [in: Proc. Int. Congr. Math., Warszawa 1983, Vol. 2, 1269--1276 (1984; Zbl 0584.58007)] \textit{R. Mañé} proposed that the regularity of Oseledets' splitting could be significantly improved from the generic viewpoint: (1) for a generic diffeomorphism \(f\in\text{Diff}^1(M)\), and for a generic ergodic measure \(\mu\in\mathcal{M}^e(f)\), Oseledets' splitting can be extended to a dominated splitting over \(\text{supp}(\mu)\); (2) Let \((M,\omega)\) be a symplectic manifold. A generic symplectic diffeomorphism \(f\in\text{Diff}^1_\omega(M)\) satisfies the following trichotomy: either \(f\) is an Anosov diffeomorphism, or Oseledets' splitting is trivial almost everywhere, or \(f\) is (uniformly, in some sense) partially hyperbolic over the set of points where Oseledets' splitting is nontrivial. Similar properties have been proposed for generic volume-preserving diffeomorphisms: (3) a generic volume-preserving diffeomorphism \(f\in\text{Diff}^1_m(M)\) satisfies the following dichotomy: either Oseledets' splitting is trivial almost everywhere, or \(f\) is a (nonuniformly) Anosov diffeomorphism. Part 1 has been proved by Mañé in 1984. Various improvements are also available, see [\textit{F. Abdenur} et al., Isr. J. Math. 183, 1--60 (2011; Zbl 1246.37040)]. Part 2 and Part 3 have been solved completely very recently, see [\textit{J. Bochi}, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 9, No. 1, 49--93 (2010 Zbl 1181.37031)], [\textit{A. Avila} et al., Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 42, No. 6, 931--979 (2009; Zbl 1191.37017)], and [\textit{A. Avila}, \textit{S. Crovisier} and \textit{A. Wilkinson}, \url{arXiv:1408.4252}]. For some previous results, see also [\textit{J. Bochi}, Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 22, No. 6, 1667--1696 (2002; Zbl 1023.37006)], [\textit{A. Avila} and \textit{J. Bochi}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 364, No. 6, 2883--2907 (2012; Zbl 1257.37022)], [\textit{J. Rodriguez Hertz}, J. Mod. Dyn. 6, No. 1, 121--138 (2012; Zbl 1254.37028)] There are many open problems related to the study of generic properties. It is unknown (even in the case when \(M\) is a surface) whether ergodicity holds generically in \(\text{Diff}^1_m(M)\). \textit{J. C. Oxtoby} and \textit{S. M. Ulam} proved the \(C^0\)-genericity of ergodicity [Ann. Math. (2) 42, 874--920 (1941; Zbl 0063.06074)]. On the other hand, some invariant tori persist by KAM theory, and ergodicity cannot be generic in the \(C^r\)-topology for any \(r\geq 3\).