Generic property of irregular sets in systems satisfying the specification property (Q379740)

Let \(f\) be a continuous map defined from a compact metric space \((X,d)\) into itself. Given a continuous function \(\varphi:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\), the Birkhoff average of \(\varphi\) at \(x\in X\) is defined as \(S_{n}(\varphi,x)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{j=0}^{n-1}\varphi(f^j(x))\), that is, the average of \(\varphi\) on the first \(n\) elements of the orbit of \(x\) under \(f\). The irregular set is the set of points in \(X\) for which does not exist the limit of \(S_{n}(\varphi,x)\) when \(n\) goes to infinity. In the paper under review, the authors prove that if \(f\) satisfies the specification property (for the definition, see for instance [\textit{M. Denker, C. Grillenberger} and \textit{K. Sigmund}, Ergodic theory on compact spaces. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 527. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag. (1976; Zbl 0328.28008)]), then the irregular set is residual whenever it is not empty, so it is large from the topological point of view. Moreover, they apply their main result to the cases in which \(\varphi\) is defined on a repeller set or on a locally maximal hyperbolic set of a diffeomorphism \(f\) (in both situations, \(f\) is a topologically mixing \(C^1\) map defined on a smooth manifold).