No label defined (Q3836686)

The author considers the cubic vector field \[ \begin{aligned} \dot x&= x \left(1- a_{10}x- a_{01}y- a_{-12}x^{-1}y^2- a_{20}x^2- a_{11}xy- a_{02}y^2- a_{-13}x^{-1}y^3\right),\\ \dot y&= -y\left(1- b_{2,-1}x^2y^{-1}- b_{10}x- b_{01}y- b_{3,-1}x^3y^{-1}- b_{20}x^2- b_{11}xy- b_{02}y^2\right), \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] with \(x,y,a_{ij},b_{ij}\in \mathbb{C}.\) The origin is a \(1 : -1\) resonance singular point of the vector field (1). In the special case \(x =\overline y\) and \(a_{ij}= \overline b_{ji}\) system (1) is equivalent to the equation \[ i \frac{dx}{d\tau}= x \left(1- a_{10}x- a_{01}\overline x- a_{-12}x^{-1}\overline x^2- a_{20}x^2- a_{11}x\overline x- a_{02}\overline x^2- a_{-13}x^{-1}\overline x^3\right). \tag{2} \] Although in the center-focus problem, significant results were recently obtained, the problem is still not completely solved even for the cubic system (2). In the paper, the center-focus problem is investigated for six-parameter vector fields (1) in which the resonance coefficients \(a_{11}\) and \(b_{11}\) are nonzero and the number of small-amplitude real limit cycles appearing from the origin under small perturbation (the so-called cyclicity) for these systems is estimated. It is shown that, in some cases, to estimate the number of limit cycles by the Bautin method, it is not sufficient to know the center conditions for the real system (2) only; however, center conditions for the complex system (1) allow one to obtain the desired estimate.