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The symmetries of a crystal can be described in terms of symmetry operations. One of the most important properties in this context is that the set of all symmetry operations of an object forms a group, the symmetry group of the object. Hence, problems concerning the study of crystals often take advantage of the well developed, purely algebraic theory of symmetry groups. Unfortunately, these group theoretical methods are mostly unduely abstract for people who are especially interested in applying these results to concrete problems in their own field of interest. This book explains the basic aspects of symmetry groups as applied to problems in physics and chemistry. The author systematizes the wealth of knowledge on these groups that has been accumulated in the nineteenth and twentieth century. In fact, the available symmetry operations of three-dimensional crystal structures lead to exactly 230 combinations, the 230 space groups. In this monograph, these space groups are reconstructed, based on the algebraic defining relations of the 32 point groups. Also a representation theory for the space groups is developed. The author's unique approach and methods which are developed in this book to discuss space groups and their matrix representations, try to overcome the abstract nature of the classical group theoretical methods. In this perspective, and as illustrated in this monograph, this work aims to close the gap between the abstract mathematical theory of space groups and its concrete applications in other sciences.