Generalization of Posner's theorems. (Q384140)

Let \(R\) denote a prime ring or 3-prime near-ring with multiplicative center \(Z(R)\), and let \(\sigma\) and \(\tau\) be endomorphisms of \(R\). An additive map \(d\colon R\to R\) is called a \((\sigma,\tau)\)-derivation if \(d(xy)=\sigma(x)d(y)+d(x)\tau(y)\) for all \(x,y\in R\). Among other results of the paper are the following two, each of which generalizes a classical result of E. C. Posner: (A) Let \(R\) be a 3-prime near-ring with \(2R\neq\{0\}\); and let \(d\) and \(D\), respectively, be a \((\sigma,\tau)\)-derivation and an \((\alpha,\beta)\)-derivation, with \(\alpha\) an automorphism and \(\sigma,\beta,\tau\) epimorphisms such that \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) commute and \(\alpha,\beta,\tau\) commute with \(D\). If \(dD\) is a \((\sigma\alpha,\tau\beta)\)-derivation, then \(d=0\) or \(D=0\). (B) Let \(R\) be a prime ring and \(U\) a nonzero left or right ideal. If \(\sigma\) is an epimorphism of \(R\) with \(\sigma(U)\neq\{0\}\) and \(R\) admits a nonzero \((\sigma,\sigma)\)-derivation \(d\) such that \(\sigma(x)d(x)-d(x)\sigma(x)\in Z(R)\) for all \(x\in U\), then \(R\) is commutative.