Universal frames (Q386869)

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Universal frames
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    Universal frames (English)
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    11 December 2013
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    In this paper, the authors introduce the following notion of a universal frame with respect to a fixed non-empty class \(\mathbb{L}\) of frames: a frame \(T\) in \(\mathbb{L}\) is \textit{universal} in \(\mathbb{L}\) if for every \(L\in\mathbb{L}\) there exists a frame homomorphism of \(T\) onto \(L\). Then they show that the class of all frames of weight \(\leq \tau\), for a fixed infinite cardinal number \(\tau\), contains universal elements. In the proof, based on the general technique of constructing universal objects due to \textit{S. D. Iliadis} [Universal spaces and mappings. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2005; Zbl 1072.54001)], they present a novel method for constructing new frames involving very set-theoretical methods. They end the paper with the following open problem: for what properties \textbf{P} does the class of all frames having property \textbf{P} contain universal elements? For example, are there universal elements in the classes of completely regular frames, regular frames or zero-dimensional frames?
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    universal frame
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    weight of a frame
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    set-theoretical methods
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