Syzygies of surfaces of general type (Q387577)

The study of syzygies associated to the minimal free resolution of the homogeneous coordinate ring of a variety linearly normally embedded in a projective space offered a general framework to the classical notions of projective normality and normal presentation and led to the notion of \(N_p\) property. So, given a very ample line bundle \(L\) on a smooth projective variety \(X\), it is natural to ask for which integers \(p \geq 0\), \(L\) has the \(N_p\) property. For curves this problem has been extensively investigated by Green in the \(80\)'ies. In particular, if \(X\) is a curve of genus \(g\), then the \(N_p\) property holds for any \(L\) with \(\deg L \geq 2g+1+p\). In higher dimensions, due to the lack of a straightforward measure of the positivity of a line bundle, it is difficult to obtain a numerical characterization of the \(N_p\) property. This suggested to restrict the attention to adjoint line bundles \(L_r= K_X +r B\), where \(B\) is an ample line bundle on \(X\). On surfaces, \(L_r\) is very ample as soon as \(r \geq 4\), and Mukai conjectured that \(L_r\) has the \(N_p\) property if \(r \geq p+4\). Many results in this direction have been proved by Gallego and Purnaprajna along the years, the problem showing that difficulties increase gradually with the Kodaira dimension of the surface. For surfaces of general type, \textit{B. P. Purnaprajna} proved Mukai's conjecture for \(L_r\) with \(B\) ample, base point free, and such that \(B^2 \geq B \cdot K_X\) [Can. J. Math. 57, No. 4, 724--749 (2005; Zbl 1093.14057)]. In the paper under review, results are obtained for \(L_r\) on surfaces of general type, where \(B\) is a base point free ample line bundle with \(B^2 < B \cdot K_X\). The authors prove projective normality (\(N_0\)) and normal presentation (\(N_1\)) for \(L_r\) under the assumption that \(B^2 \geq \frac{a}{b}(B \cdot K_X)\) for two integers \(a < b\). Moreover, assuming that \(nB-K_X\) is nef for an integer \(n \geq 2\), they prove that \(N_p\) property holds when \(r\) is a linear function of slope \(2\) in \(n\) and \(p\). Finer results are also obtained under the hypothesis that \(X\) is regular. The final section offers an interesting library of examples.