On Hilbert modular threefolds of discriminant 49 (Q387656)

In this article, the authors consider some Hilbert modular threefolds for the totally real cubic field \(K\) of discriminant \(49\) explicitly. They also investigate certain geometric properties. In particular, as a subvariety of a Hilbert modular threefold, they provide a surface of degree \(8\) in \(\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})\) with \(84\) singularities of type \(A_2\). More precisely, the main objects of the article are, for the maximal totally real subfield \(K= \mathbb{Q}(\zeta_7+\zeta_7^{-1})\) of \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_7)\), and the prime ideal \(p\) in \(K\) above \(7\), a Hilbert modular threefold \(X^\circ = \Gamma(p) \! \setminus \! \mathfrak{H}^3\), the minimal compactification \(X=\Gamma(p) \! \setminus \! (\mathfrak{H}^3\cup \mathbb{P}^1(K))\) of \(X^\circ\), a singular toroidal compactification \(X_{\mathrm{ch}}\) which corresponds to taking a convex hull, a smooth toroidal compactification \(X_{\mathrm{sm}}\) corresponding to a certain fan data giving by subdividing fan data for \(X_{\mathrm{ch}}\), and the Galois orbits \(X_{\mathrm{Gal}} = X/\mathrm{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})\) of \(X\). Here, the action of the Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})\) on \(X\) is induced by one on the real places of \(K/\mathbb{Q}\). The authors call \(X_{\mathrm{Gal}}\) the symmetric Hilbert modular threefold. The authors obtain the following results: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[{\(\bullet\)}] They determine the exceptional divisors of natural projections \(X_{\mathrm{sm}} \to X_{\mathrm{ch}}\) and \(X_{\mathrm{ch}} \to X\) (\S3). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] They calculate the intersection numbers of these exceptional divisors on \(X_{\mathrm{ch}}\) and \(X_{\mathrm{sm}}\) explicitly and give the dimension of the vector spaces of Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight \(1\) and \(2\) (\S4). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] They determine the all Eisenstein series of parallel weight \(1\) and \(2\) and give an equation \(P(x_0, x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4)\) ``of degree \(8\)'' which the Eisenstein series satisfy (\S5 and \S6). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] They show that \(X_{\mathrm{Gal}}\) is the hypersurface of the weighted projective space \(\mathbb{P}(1,1,1,1,2)\) defined by \(P=0\) (\S7). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] They prove that \(X_{\mathrm{ch}}\) is the canonical model of \(X\) (\S8). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] They give an octic \(W\) in \(\mathbb{P}^3\) with \(84\) singularities of type \(A_2\) as the intersection of the above hypersurface and the hypersurface \(x_4=0\) (\S9). \end{itemize}} Finally, they remark that the octic \(W\) has the best lower bound of the number of singularities of type \(A_2\) for octics to date. Indeed, this example is better than the known bound \(98\) for the octic studied in the paper [\textit{Y. Miyaoka}, Math. Ann. 268, 159--171 (1984; Zbl 0521.14013)].