Percolation in an ultrametric space (Q388850)

This paper studies percolation on a metric space which is ultra-metric. That is, if \(d(\cdot, \cdot)\) denotes the metric function, then for any three points \(x,y\) and \(z\) we have \(d(x,y) \leq \max \{ d(x,z), d(y,z) \}\). More specifically, the space consists of all infinite sequences of the form \((x_1, x_2, \ldots)\) where \(x_i \in \mathbb{Z}_N\) and \(\sum_i x_i < \infty\). Here, \(N\) is a fixed parameter. This space is denoted by \(\Omega_N\). Subsequently, a random graph is formed where two points \(x,y\) are joined by an edge independently of any other pair with probability that depends on their distance: if \(d(x,y) = k\), then this probability is equal to \(\min \{ c_k / N^{k(1+\delta)} ,1\}\), where \(\delta > - 1\) and \(c_k>0\). The main question that is considered here has to do with whether or not percolation occurs at an arbitrarily chosen point. Consider the point \(\mathbf{0}\), which is the all-zeros element of \(\Omega_N\). The paper gives sufficient conditions for the parameters \(c_k\) and \(\delta\) so that the probability that \(\mathbf{0}\) belongs to an infinite cluster is positive. If the latter is the case, then we say that percolation occurs. It seems that \(\delta = 1\) is the critical value for this. If \(\delta > 1\) but \(\sup_k c_k < \infty\), then percolation does not occur. If \(\delta < 1\) and \(c = \inf_k c_k\) is sufficiently large, then percolation occurs and the infinite component is unique. For the \(\delta = 1\) case, the authors consider \(c_k\)s of a specific form: \(c_k = C_0 + C_1 \log k + C_2 k^{\alpha}\), with \(\alpha \geq 0\) and also \(C_0,C_1,C_2 \geq 0\). The situation here is mixed and depends on the combined values of these four parameters. If \(C_2=0\) and \(C_1 < N\), then, no matter what the values of \(\alpha\) and \(C_0\) are, percolation does not occur. The remaining results assume that \(\alpha > 2\). Here, percolation may or may not occur depending on certain combinations of the values of \(C_0,C_1, C_2\).