On fluctuations of Riemann's zeta zeros (Q389271)

Let \(f_k\) \((k=1,2,3,...)\) be the normalized fluctuation of the imaginary parts of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, which is defined as \(f_k=(\gamma_k-t_k)/\sigma_k\) with \(\gamma_k\) is the imaginary part of the zeros, \(t_k\) is the predicted imaginary part defined as the solution of the equation in \(t\): \[ \frac t{2\pi}\log\frac t{2\pi e}+\frac78=k-1/2, \] and \(\sigma_k=\sqrt{2\log\log t_k}/\log t_k\). In order to study the spectral properties of \(f_k\), a probability space \(\{\Omega,\mathcal B,\mathbb P\}\) is introduced, where \(\Omega=[0,1]\), \(\mathcal B\) is the \(\sigma\)-algebra of Borel subsets of \(\Omega\), and \(\mathbb P\) is the Lebesgue measure on \(\mathcal B\). We fix \(\theta\in(1/2,1]\) and define the sequence of random variables \(f^{(N)}\) by \[ f^{(N)}(\omega)=f_{k(N,\omega)}, \] where \[ k(N,\omega)=\lfloor N+\omega\lfloor N^{\theta}\rfloor\rfloor, \] \(\omega\in\Omega\), and \(\lfloor x \rfloor\) denotes the largest integer which is less than or equal to \(x\). The author first proves that for every \(\xi\in\mathbb R\), \[ \lim_{N\to\infty} \mathbb P\left\{f^{(N)}>\xi\right\}=\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_\xi^\infty e^{-x^2/2}\,dx \] and that for every integer \(p\geq 0\), \[ \lim_{N\to\infty}\mathbb E\left(f^{(N)}\right)^p=\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty x^p e^{-x^2/2}\,dx. \] Then the author also proves that the fluctuations of two zeros \(\gamma_k\) and \(\gamma_{k+x}\) with \(x\sim(\log k)^\beta\) \((\beta>0)\) for large \(k\) follow the two-variate Gaussian distribution with correlation \((1-\beta)_+\).