Analytic approximation in \(L^p\) and coinvariant subspaces of the Hardy space (Q390627)

The author studies the problem of the best analytic approximation in \(L^p\) on the unit circle: given a function \(g \in L^p\), find a function \(p_{g}\) in the Hardy space \(H^p\) such that \( || g - p_{g} ||_{L^p} = dist_{L^p} (g , H^p)\). Let \(\theta\) be a bounded analytic function in the open unit disk such that \(|\theta|=1\) a.e. on the unit circle in the sense of angular boundary values. Let \(1\leq p< \infty\) and \(g \in 1/\theta\, H^p\). The paper gives a representation of \(p_{g}\) by functions of the coinvariant subspace \(K_{\theta}^ 2\) of the Hardy space \(H^2\). The result contains the classical theorem of F. Riesz on the best \(H^1\) approximation in \(L^1\) of a trigonometric polynomial and its generalization of A. Macintyre and W. Rogosinski to the best approximation in \(H^p\) of rational functions. The author also shows how the problem can be reduced to a problem of interpolation.