Distance-squared mappings (Q390822)

For \(l\) given points \(p_1,\ldots,p_l\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), the authors define a distance-squared mapping \(D_{(p_1,\ldots,p_l)}:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^l\) and investigate the properties of this mapping. From the viewpoint of differential topology, the authors prove the following theorem. Let \(M\) be an \(m\)-dimensional closed manifold and \(i:M\to\mathbb{R}^l\) be an embedding \((m\geq 1, m+1\leq l)\). Then, there exist \(l\) points \(p_1,\ldots,p_l\) such that \(D_{(p_1,\ldots,p_l)}\circ i:M\to\mathbb{R}^l\) is an embedding, where \(p_1,\ldots,p_{m+1}\in i(M)\). If \(i\) is an immersion with normal crossings, they show that \(D_{(p_1,\ldots,p_l)}\circ i:M\to\mathbb{R}^l\) is also an immersion with normal crossings. In the case of \(C^0\) category, the authors obtain that for a homeomorphism \(i:S^1\to\mathbb{R}^2\), there exits two points \(p_1,p_2\in i(S^1)\) such that \(d_{(p_1,p_2)}\circ i:S^1\to d_{(p_1,p_2)}\circ i(S^1)\subset\mathbb{R}^2\) is a homeomorphism. Here, \(d_{(p_1,p_2)}\) is a distance mapping.