On the coexistence of periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations near a Hopf-pitchfork bifurcation in NFDE (Q391438)

Normal form method for neutral functional differential equations (NFDEs) with parameters has been established and applied to Hopf bifurcation. The paper makes a contribution in codimension two bifurcation in NFDEs. First, existing ideas on normal forms of NFDEs and retarded functional differential equations are extended to Hopf-pitchfork singularity in NFDEs with parameters. An algorithm is provided to calculate the normal form. Then with the normal form, it is shown that the dynamics near the critical point of the Hopf-pitchfork bifurcation is governed by a three-dimensional system up to the third order with unfolding parameters restricted on the center manifold. The obtained results are demonstrated with the van der Pol's equation with extended delay feedback. There are some interesting phenomena such as coexistence of two stable equilibria, coexistence of three stable periodic solutions and an unstable one, and coexistence of two quasi-periodic solutions on stable tori.