Strong-coupling theory for multiband superconductors (Q394053)

The paper develops a microscopic strong-coupling theory using a multiband metal model with an arbitrary electron-boson interaction (phonons and spin fluctuations), based on the method of the equations of motion for two-time Green's functions (GFs). By formulating the basic equations of the theory, a multiband model is considered. The case of spin \(S=1/2\) is considered, where the interaction of the electrons with the spin excitations is written in the form adopted for the s-d model. The equations of motion for two-time GFs are found by introducing the anticommutator GF for matrix operators, using the Nambu operators. As a result, the scattering matrix is determined by the multiparticle GF, and the part of the scattering matrix, which contains no single zeroth-order GFs, determines the self-energy operator. The equation for the GF is written in the form of the Dyson equation. To calculate the self-energy operator, the approximation of non-crossing diagrams is used (the self-consisting Born approximation), which allows obtaining a self-consistent system of equations for the GF and the self-energy operator for normal and anomalous components. The normal component determines the renormalization of the spectrum of quasiparticles and their decay, and the anomalous component defines superconducting gaps, depending on the frequency and quasimomentum in the corresponding bands. The spectral functions are determined by the complete fermion and boson GFs which corresponds to the calculation of the self-energy operator in the approximation of the first skeleton diagram. Then, an approximate system of equations is proposed in which only the diagonal components of the self-energy operator and the corresponding GFs are taken into account. This system allows one to simply derive the system of equations for multiband superconducting gaps.