Quaternions and Kudla's matching principle (Q395066)

Let \(D\) be a square-free positive integer and \(B(D)\) the unique quaternion algebra of discriminant \(D\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\). Naturally equipped with the reduced norm \(\mathrm{det}\), \((B,\mathrm{det})\) is a quadratic space. Suppose \(N>0\) is prime to \(D\), let \(\mathcal{O}_D(N)\) be an Eichler order in \(B\) of conductor \(N\). Consequently, \(L = (\mathcal{O}_D(N), \mathrm{det})\) is an even integral lattice in \(V\). When \(B(D)\) is finite, the representation number fo a positive integer \(m\) \[ r_L(m) = | \{ x \in \mathcal{O}_D(N) \; | \; \mathrm{det}(x) = m\} | \] is very hard to compute, but the average over the genus \(\mathrm{gen}(L)\) \[ r_{D,N}(m) = r_{\mathrm{gen}(L)}(m) = \Big(\sum_{L_1 \in \mathrm{gen}(L)} \frac{1}{|\mathrm{Aut}(L_1)|}\Big)^{-1} \sum_{L_1 \in \mathrm{gen}(L)} \frac{r_{L_1}(m)}{|\mathrm{Aut}(L_1)|} \] is a product of so-called local densities that are computable by a recent work of the second author. Using Kudla's matching principle, the authors prove the following main theorem: {Theorem:} Let \(D\) be a square-free positive integer with even number of prime factors, let \(p \neq q\) be two different primes not dividing \(D\), and let \(N\) be a positive integer prime to \(Dpq\). Then \[ -\frac{2}{q-1}r_{D_p,N}(m)+\frac{q+1}{q-1}r_{D_p,N_q}(m) = -\frac{2}{p-1}r_{D_q,N}(m)+\frac{p+1}{p-1}r_{D_q,N_p}(m) \] for every positive integer \(m\). \vskip 0.2in Note that the above identity is very symmetric. \vskip 0.1in When \(B(D)\) is infinite, the representation number is no longer a finite number and in order to define a similar quantity \(r'_{D,N}(m)\) in this case, the geometry of Shimura curves come in. Using Kudla's matching principle at infinity place. The authors prove similar identities as the above theorem.