Approximating topological approach to the existence of attractors in fluid mechanics (Q395442)

The authors describe in the introduction of the paper the evolution of the theory of attractors from the classical theory of global attractors to the theory of attractors of noninvariant trajectory spaces. The main ideas of the approximating topological approach, proposed in [\textit{V. G. Zvyagin} and \textit{V. T. Dmitrienko}, Approximating-topological approach to investigation of problems of hydrodynamics. Navier-Stokes system. Editorial URSS, Moscow, (2004)] and developed in [\textit{V. G. Zvyagin} and \textit{D. A. Vorotnikov}, Topological approximation methods for evolutionary problems of nonlinear hydrodynamics. de Gruyter Series in Nonlinear Analysis and Applications 12. Berlin: de Gruyter (2008; Zbl 1155.76004)], is described as well. The theory of attractors of noninvariant trajectory spaces is presented in the Section 2 of the paper. To illustrate the application of the approximating topological approach to problems in fluid mechanics, the authors consider the autonomous initial boundary value problem for the mathematical model of motion of weak aqueous polymer solutions to the system \[ \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} + \left(v \cdot \nabla v\right) v +\nabla p = \text{Div}\; \sigma + f\text{ in }Q, \] \[ \text{div}\;v=0\text{ in }Q, \] \[ v|_{\partial \Omega}=0\text{ in }(0,+\infty), \] \[ v|_{t=0}=v_0\text{ in }\Omega , \] where \(Q=\Omega \times (0,+\infty)\), \(\nu >0\) is the kinematic viscosity and \(\chi>0\) is the retardation time. \(v\) is the velocity of the particle, \(p\) is the pressure of the fluid, \(f\) is the body force, \(\mathcal{E}\) is the strain velocity tensor given by \[ \mathcal{E}_{i,j}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\partial v_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial v_j}{\partial x_i}\right) \] and \[ \sigma=2 \nu \left(\mathcal{E}+ \chi \nu^{-1}\;d\mathcal{E}/dt\right). \] The authors establish the existence of the minimal trajectory attractor and global trajectory attractor in the trajectory space (given by weak solutions of the problem). Given a family of trajectory spaces depending on a parameter \(\varepsilon\) and the associated minimal trajectory attractor \(\mathcal{U}_{\varepsilon}\) and global attractor \(\mathcal{A}_{\varepsilon}\), the authors obtain sufficient conditions for \(\mathcal{U}_{\varepsilon} \rightarrow \mathcal{U}_{0}\) and \(\mathcal{A}_{\varepsilon} \rightarrow \mathcal{A}_{0}\), as \(\varepsilon \rightarrow 0\). Here \(\mathcal{U}_{\varepsilon}\) and \(\mathcal{A}_{\varepsilon}\) (for \(\varepsilon \neq 0\)) are attractors of approximating problems in the polymer solution model, while \(\mathcal{U}_{0}\) and \(\mathcal{A}_{0}\) denote the attractors of the unperturbed problem. Convergence is considered in the sense of Hausdorff semi-distance in \(C(0,+\infty;V^{1-\delta})\) (\(\delta \in (0,1)\)) (for the minimal trajectory attractors) and \(V^{1-\delta}\) (for the global atractors), \(V^{\alpha}\) being the scale of spaces with \(V^{0}\) the closure of \(\mathcal{V}=\{\varphi \in C_{c}^{\infty}(\Omega): \text{div}\;\varphi=0\}\) in \(L^{2}(\Omega)^n\) and \(V^{1}\) the closure of \(\mathcal{V}\) in \(W^{1,2}(\Omega)^n\).