Smoothness and best approximation with respect to Freud-type weights, a new approach (Q397044)

The author introduces a new measure of smoothness \[ \omega^{\beta}(f,t)_{B_{\alpha}} = \| ( T_{\beta,\alpha}(t^{\beta}) - I) f \|_{B_{\alpha}} \tag{1} \] with the aid of the following notation: the system of orthogonal polynomials \(p_{n,\alpha}(x)\) of degree \(n,\) for the Freud weight \(w_{\alpha}(x) = \exp (-| x | ^{\alpha} / 2)\), \(\alpha >1\), is given by \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \, p_{n,\alpha}(x) p_{k,\alpha}(x) w_{\alpha}(x)^2 \, dx = \begin{cases} 1& \text{if}\;n=k\\ 0& \text{if}\;n \neq k\end{cases}. \tag{2} \] The expansion of \(f(x)\) by \(p_{n,\alpha} (x)\), \(\alpha >1\), is given by \(f \sim \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \, a_{n,\alpha} p_{n,\alpha}\), where \[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \, f(x) p_{n,\alpha}(x) w_{\alpha}(x)^2 \, dx \equiv a_{n,\alpha} \] and as \(p_{n,\alpha}w_{\alpha} \in L_{q}(R)\), for any \(q\), \(1 \leq q \leq \infty\); (2) is defined whenever \(f w_{\alpha} \in L_{1}(R)+ L_{\infty}(R)\). The author denotes by \(B_{\alpha}\) the space in which polynomials are dense and for which \(p_{n,\alpha} w_{\alpha} \in B_{\alpha}^{*}\) (the dual to \(B_{\alpha}\)). For \(\beta > 0\) and \(\alpha > 1\), he defines the semigroup \(T_{\beta,\alpha}(t)\) by \(T_{\beta,\alpha}(t)f \sim \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \, e^{-tn^{\beta}} \, a_{n,\alpha} p_{n,\alpha}\), where \(f \sim \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \, a_{n,\alpha} p_{n,\alpha}\). In connection with (1), the following results -- among others -- are proven: a strong converse inequality which allows to obtain a simpler description of (1), and \(K\)-functionals and realization functionals are equivalent to (1). Further, the measure of smoothness (1) allows to achieve Marchaud-, Jackson- and Bernstein-type inequalities.