On means of nonnegative sesquilinear forms (Q397057)

The author investigates the theory of operator connections for nonnegative sesquilinear forms. Let \(\mathfrak{D}\) be a complex linear space. A sesquilinear form \(\mathfrak{t}:\mathfrak{D}\times \mathfrak{D} \to \mathbb{C}\) is called nonnegative if \(\mathfrak{t}[\varphi]:=\mathfrak{t}(\varphi, \varphi)\) is nonnegative for all \(\varphi\in \mathfrak{D}\). Then we can define the order among sesquilinear forms by \(\mathfrak{t}\leq \mathfrak{w}\) if and only if \(\mathfrak{t}[\varphi]\leq \mathfrak{w}[\varphi]\) for all \(\varphi \in \mathfrak{D}\). We denote by \(\mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\) the set of all nonnegative sesquilinear forms from \(\mathfrak{D}\times\mathfrak{D}\) into \(\mathbb{C}\). The author defines the connection of nonnegative sesquilinear forms as follows: A binary operation \(\sigma: \mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\times \mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\to \mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\) is a connection if the following properties are fulfilled for all \(\mathfrak{t}_{i},\mathfrak{w}_{i}\in \mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\) \((i\in \mathbb{N})\), (c1) \(\mathfrak{t}_{1}\leq \mathfrak{t}_{2}\) and \(\mathfrak{w}_{1}\leq \mathfrak{w}_{2}\) imply \(\mathfrak{t}_{1}\sigma \mathfrak{w}_{1} \leq \mathfrak{t}_{2}\sigma \mathfrak{w}_{2}\), (c2) \((\mathfrak{t} \sigma \mathfrak{w})^{a}\leq \mathfrak{t}^{a} \sigma \mathfrak{w}^{a}\) for all linear maps \(a:\mathfrak{D}\to \mathfrak{D}\), (c3) \(\mathfrak{t}_{n}\downarrow \mathfrak{t}\) and \(\mathfrak{w}_{n}\downarrow \mathfrak{w}\) imply \(\mathfrak{t}_{n}\sigma \mathfrak{w}_{n}\downarrow \mathfrak{t} \sigma \mathfrak{w}\), where \(\mathfrak{t}^{a}\) in (c2) denotes the sesquilinear form \[ \mathfrak{t}^{a}(\varphi, \psi):= \mathfrak(a(\varphi), a(\psi)). \] The connection \(\sigma\) is a mean if, for all \(\mathfrak{t}\in \mathcal{F}_{+}(\mathfrak{D})\), (m) \( \mathfrak{t}\sigma \mathfrak{t}=\mathfrak{t}. \) The author points out that the parallel sum plays an important role in the theory of connections. Further, the author defines some means of sesquilinear forms, for example, the author considers geometric and Gaussian means. Moreover, the author consider the means for additive set functions as an application of the above definition.